Following Conditional Construction Following Conditional Construction

ZERO CONDITIONAL A. Test sentences If loan costs fall, organization benefits rise. On the off chance that costs don't go up, individuals purchase more. B. Structure (condition)(result) If deals increase,we make more benefit. ZERO CONDITIONAL C. Utilizations The sentences of Zero restrictive are general realities or things that are in every case valid, I. e. the result consistently follows the occasion. Proclamations in this structure generally show up in verifiable conversations or logical and specialized material. In the condition statement there can be an assortment of present structures. †¢When you fly business class, you get considerably more legroom. present straightforward)  †¢If financing costs are rising, bank credits become increasingly costly. (present constant) †¢When you’ve completed the course, you get an endorsement. (present great). ZERO CONDITIONAL In the outcome proviso there can be a current basic (last models) or a goal. †¢When you fly business class, don’t drink a lot of the free liquor. Notice that we can utilize either if or when(ever) where the importance is unfailingly. Restrictive  I A. Test sentences †¢If I do a MBA, I’ll improve my activity possibilities. †¢If our fundamental rival fails, we’ll increment our market share.B. Structure (condition) (result) †¢If you increment your order,we’ll give you a greater markdown. †¢If anybody from Head Officesay I’m in a gathering. calls, CONDITIONAL  I C. Utilizations 1. In Conditional I the speaker considers the to be as a genuine chance, I. e. , if-condition is utilized to discuss future occasions that are sensibly likely and their outcomes. The if-proviso expresses the condition, and the other provision expresses the outcome: †¢If deals go poorly this year (condition), we won't increment our benefits. (result) With a wide range of conditionals the if-proviso can come next. We’ll make more benef it if deals increment. Contingent  I 2. on the off chance that and except if Unless regularly replaces if †¦+ negative expression:†¢If you don’t wear formal attire, you won’t be permitted into the club. †¢You won’t be permitted into the club except if you wear formal attire. Restrictive explanations can work as either guarantees, admonitions or dangers. In any case, note that except if can't be utilized to make a guarantee. †¢If you request now, you’ll get an unconditional present. (guarantee) †¢We won’t have the option to work with you except if you agree to our moral approach. cautioning) †¢Unless we get installment before the week's over we will be compelled to think about legitimate activity. (danger) CONDITIONAL  I 3. In Conditional I, the objective, or modular action words can be utilized in the principle provision, e. g. may, can or should, rather than will + infinitive: †¢If you get notification from A nne today, advise her to call me. †¢If the traffic is awful, I may miss the meeting with our provider. †¢If we sign the agreement today, we can begin creation toward the finish of one week from now. †¢If Mr. Doorman rings, you should request that he leave his number.CONDITIONAL  I 4. We don't utilize will in the if part of the sentence in any event, when the significance is future: †¢If the products will show up tomorrow, I will gather it. (? ) †¢If the products show up tomorrow, I will gather it. (? ) Will is just conceivable in such cases in the event that it is utilized to communicate not future time but rather readiness or solicitations (the style is formal), e. g. †¢If you will consent to this arrangement, I will let you have the cash without a moment's delay. †¢If you will come along these lines, Mr. Jones will see you now.CONDITIONAL  I 5. In formal composed records, e. g. egal agreements or understandings, one may locate the accompanyin g contingent development in Conditional I: †¢Should the specialist default on the agreement, we will make legitimate move. †¢Should the associations acknowledge new efficiency understandings, the businesses will satisfy their compensation needs. †¢Should + infinitive is an altered development instead of â€Å"If the operator defaults†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or, â€Å"If the associations accept†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . †¢!!! Note that just should, never would, is utilized along these lines. Restrictive  II †¢Sample sentences †¢If trains were progressively solid, more individuals would utilize them. †¢If I had as much cash as Bill Gates, I would retire.B. Structure †¢If you needed an amount  you would need to arrange markdown,  at any rate 1,000 units. †¢If I knew her number,   I would send her a fax. Restrictive  II C. Utilizations 1. We utilize the Conditional II to allude to an activity or state we envision, I. e. , the speaker considers th e to be as a distant chance: †¢If these machines were not all that costly, we would get them. (In any case, they are costly, and we won't get them. ) †¢If he lost his employment tomorrow, he would move to London to locate another. (He doesn't figure he will lose his employment, however he comprehends the conceivable consequences.CONDITIONAL  II 2. It is likewise conceivable to utilize could or may rather than would: †¢If we recruited a calculating organization, we could recoup our obligations all the more without any problem. †¢If each bit of mail was customized with your organization logo or message, your clients may be dazzled. Restrictive  II 3. We don't utilize would in the if part of the sentence: †¢If trains would be increasingly solid, more individuals would utilize them. (? ) †¢If trains were increasingly dependable, more individuals would utilize them. (? ) But, in the sentences †¢We would be exceptionally thankful on the off chance th at you would send us the data at the earliest opportunity. I would be appreciative on the off chance that you would put your location on the rear of the check. would isn't a piece of a restrictive tense here. It is a modular action word, and speaks to an increasingly obliging type of will as utilized in restrictive provisions in Conditional I. It presents the possibility of â€Å"yourâ€Å" concurring, or being willing, to do what is suggested.CONDITIONAL  II 4. In formal composed records, e. g. lawful agreements or understandings, one may locate the accompanying restrictive development in Conditional II: †¢Were the operator to default on the agreement, we would make lawful move. Were Alice to apply for the post, she would get it. †¢Inverted developments are instead of â€Å"If the operator defaulted†¦ † and â€Å"If Alice applied for†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Restrictive II ?What might you say to a companion who asked you which workforce to go to? ?What might you do in the event that you were ?the Prime Minister ?the Dean of the Faculty of Economics? Contingent  III †¢Sample sentences †¢If I had done a MBA, I would have had more chances. †¢If we had foreseen the accident, we wouldn’t have lost such a lot of cash. B. Structure If the cost had been lower,sales would have been higher.If we had improved an offer,we would have won that contract.CONDITIONAL  III C. Utilizations †¢We utilize Conditional III to envision the contrary circumstance. In the event that what really happened was negative, we utilize a positive structure, and the other way around. On the off chance that what really happened was certain, we utilize a negative structure: ?We didn't set up our costs (- ), so we kept our piece of the overall industry (+). ?In the event that we had set up our costs (+), we would not have kept our piece of the overall industry (- ). ?We advanced him (+) and he didn't give his notification (- ). ?In the event that we h adn't advanced him (- ), he would have given his notification (+).CONDITIONAL  III . In Conditional III the speaker perceives that the occasion is a difficulty, I. e. can't be satisfied: †¢If we had held up a couple of more months, we would have spared a lot of cash on the new faxes. (Be that as it may, we didn't hold up a couple of more months; along these lines, we didn't get a good deal on the faxes). †¢If you had sent the letter via airmail, it wouldn't have been deferred. (Be that as it may, you didn't send the letter via airmail, so it was postponed). Restrictive  III 3. We can utilize could or may rather than would: †¢The merger could have succeeded if the administration styles hadn’t been so unique. The introduction may have been exceptional in the event that she had felt more confident.CONDITIONAL  III 4. You may locate the accompanying restrictive development in Conditional III: †¢Had we improved an offer, we would have won that agreement. †¢Had the shop stuffed the products appropriately, they wouldn't have harmed. Transformed past flawless is instead of â€Å"If we had made †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"If the shop had stuffed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . !!! We don't utilize would in the if-statement. †¢If the meeting wouldn't have been a triumph, they would not have given me the activity. (? ) †¢If the meeting had not been a triumph, they would not have given me the activity. (? )

Philosophy, Deductive Arguments

Theory Homework 15/09/2011 Deductive Arguments: A deductive contention isn’t essentially legitimate, it could be invalid. It additionally isn’t fundamentally stable †it could be unsound. In the event that the contention is legitimate and the premises are valid, at that point by and large the contention is sound. You will consistently pick up information with a deductive contention. The main reason will interface with the subsequent reason so as to make an end. Deductive contentions aren’t dependent on assumptions.Inductive Arguments: The premises are for the most part obvious so in this way the end is probably going to be valid; anyway it isn’t positive that the end will be valid. It is generally likely that the end will be valid, however there is an opportunity it’s bogus. For instance: Katherine is a young lady (premise) A great deal of young ladies paint their nails (premise) Katherine paints her nails (decision) - Katherine probably won't c are for wearing nail varnish, it’s only a supposition that she does in light of the fact that she is a young lady. Important certainties: Something that will consistently be genuine regardless of what the conditions or circumstance is.An model would be that ‘I am a female’. Unforeseen certainties: A fact that at times might be valid, anyway it could likewise have been bogus. On the off chance that there is in any case wherein this fact could be bogus, it is unforeseen. A case of this would be ‘Dogs have 4 legs’; a few pooches must have legs removed, along these lines isn’t valid for each situation. From the earlier: Knowledge that has not been bolstered by an encounter or an undeniable reality. A Posteriori: Knowledge that is upheld up by experience/perception or an established truth.

Bomb Threat and Explosion Investigation Free Essays

Likewise, other law requirement organizations may have explicit data esteem. The Intelligence Service, Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP), Police Intelligence Group (PIG) and National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) keeps up documents on people who make dangers against political pioneers. The Bureau of Customs (BOC) may give data of imported merchandise; the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (BID) can give data on people entering or leaving the nation; the Firearms and Explosive Division, Civil Security Group, Philippine National Police (FED, CSG, PNP) keeps up records on guns and explosives; the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) keeps up records on outlaws; the Philippine Postal Corporation (PHILPOST) may aid matters identified with the sends; the National Anti-Kidnapping Task Force (NAKTAF) may, have documents of data and insight since they have essential locale in hijack for-emancipate cases. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bomb Threat and Explosion Investigation or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now On the neighborhood level, the nearby police specialists often keep up singular photograph or â€Å"mug† documents, nom de plume documents, business files, usual way of doing things (MO) documents, exploitation records and wrongdoing designs. Also, court records, probation and parole documents, and other city records, for example, utilities, may demonstrate important. Records of organizations, for example, the phone, electric and water organizations, may likewise be useful. Observation and stakeouts are significant parts of capture for-emancipate examinations. These exercises may require different types of electronic observation, including wiretapping, listening in, vehicle locator frameworks, recording and photography. Such endeavors may require help from different organizations. The examiner ought to be recognizable, with the utilization of such gear, yet in addition with the laws encompassing their application. The specialist must know when a court request is vital for the utilization of electronic reconnaissance. For no situation should an agent utilize arbitrary intends to make sure about data. Section 7 BOMB THREAT AND EXPLOSION INVESTIGATION INTRODUCTION The utilization of explosives, by specific hoodlums and criminal associations, has expanded since the mid †1980’s. Measurements additionally show that homes, vehicles and organizations were the essential focuses of bombings and, in eight out of ten occurrences, the thought process was vandalism and vengeance. Bombs are frequently made out normal family things routinely found in the kitchen, carport or under the sink. The channel bomb, the least demanding bomb to develop, is frequently stuffed with screws and nails which go about as shots, like hand explosives. These are materials that the aircraft depends on, to some extent, to help hide their character. Since they are normally home-made, they are constrained in their structure just by the creative mind of the plane. While scanning for a bomb, the agent ought to just search for whatever seems irregular. The bomb expert chooses what is and isn't a bomb. The besieging wrongdoing scene must be connected to the aircraft and, whenever discovered flawless, the bombs themselves can in some cases uncover the personality of the plane. Bombs can be built to look like nearly anything and can be put or conveyed in an assortment of ways. The possibility of finding a bomb that seems as though the cliché bomb is nearly non-existent. Researching THE BOMB THREAT Bomb dangers are conveyed in an assortment of ways. Most are called in to the objective. Incidentally, these calls are made through an outsider. Once in a while, a danger is conveyed through recorded as a hard copy or by means of an account. There are two (2) general clarifications with respect to why the aircraft convey a bomb danger: 1. The guest has positive information or accepts that a dangerous or ignitable bomb has been or will be set, and that the person needs to limit individual injury or property harm. The guest might be the individual who put the gadget or another person who has gotten mindful of such data. 2. The guest needs to make a climate of tension and frenzy that will, thusly, brings about disturbance of ordinary exercises at the office where the gadget is as far as anyone knows set. Whatever the explanation, there will positively be a response to it. In any case, through legitimate arranging, the wide assortment of wild responses can be limited. The bomb danger guest is the best wellspring of data about a bomb. At the point when bomb danger is brought in, the accompanying advances ought to be actualized: 1. Keep the guest on the line to the extent that this would be possible. 2. Request that the person in question recurrent the message and record each word verbally expressed by the individual. 3. Get some information about the area of the bomb and the hour of explosion of the gadget. 4. Illuminate the guest that the structure is involved and the explosion of a bomb could slaughter or harm blameless individuals. 5. Give specific consideration to foundation clamor, for example, engine running, music playing or some other commotion. This may provide some insight with respect to the area of the guest. 6. Listen near he voice (male or female), voice quality (quiet or energized), complement and discourse obstructions. 7. Meeting the individual who got the require the first data. Reacting TO A BOMB THREAT in light of a bomb danger, the accompanying updates must be carefully seen by the people on call: 1. Avoid broadcasting while at the area. Radio transmissions may trigger the hazardous gadget. 2. Anybody engaged with the inquiry must not contact any presumed things. Under any conditions, if a dubious item is found, it ought not be contacted or upset. 3. Keep up a sheltered good ways from the hazardous gadget. 4. Call the Explosive Ordinance Disposal Team (EODT) to deal with the touchy gadget. Wellbeing PRECAUTIONS In an assault or search circumstance in which dangerous gadgets are required to be experienced, examinations ought to be joined by an explosives master. This individual can be utilized to illuminate other cops of what kind of gadget is close by and how best to continue securely with the attack. Different precautionary measures incorporate the accompanying: 1. Just each official in turn should move toward the speculated booby trap. 2. At the point when outing wires are found, the two parts of the bargains ought to be checked. 3. Wires that seem, by all accounts, to be electric ought not be cut. 4. No holders ought to be opened without careful assessment. Components OF BOMB INCIDENT PLANNING To counter bomb occurrences, a physical security plan and bomb episode plan ought to be made. The components of these plans are as per the following: 1. Control 1) Who will be responsible for the occurrence? 2) Where will the control place be found? 3) How will basic choices be made? 4) Who will man the control community? 5) What essential and substitute correspondence framework will be utilized during the occurrence? 2. Inception What systems will be endless supply of a bomb danger or notice that a gadget has been found? 3. Clearing If departure is requested, what method will be followed? 4. Search 1) What will be looked? 2) What search procedure will be utilized? 3) Who will look? 5. Harm Control 1) What harm control estimates will be taken? ) Who will take the harm control measure? 6. Explosion 1) What strategy will be followed if a bomb explodes all of a sudden? BOMB †SEARCHING TECHNIQUES A two-man search thing is suggested when searching for bombs. At the point when the pursuit group goes into the room, they should initially move to different pieces of the room and stand unobtrusively, with their eyes shut, and tune in for precision gadget. Regularly, a perfect timing gadget can undoubtedly be recognized without the utilization of specific hardware. Regardless of whether no perfect timing component can be recognized, the hunt group is currently mindful of the foundation clamor level inside the room itself. Foundation commotion is continually upsetting during a structure search. On the off chance that a ticking sound is heard yet can't be found, one may get frightened. The ticking sound may originate from an unequal climate control system fan, a few stories away, or from a dribbling sink a few doors down. Sound can move through cooling conduits, along water pipes and through dividers. One of the more troublesome structures to look is one that has steam of high temp water heat. This kind of building will continually pound, break, prattle and tick on account of the development of the steam of high temp water through the channels and the extension and constriction of the funnels. The room ought to be isolated into two for all intents and purposes equivalent parts. A fanciful line is then drawn between two articles in the room. The principal looking through tallness will for the most part spread things in the room up to hip stature. The searchers at that point position themselves on inverse sides of the room and start looking through their way around the room, moving in the direction of one another. During the inquiry, all things laying on the floor and situated around or on the divider territory are examined. Albeit numerous minor varieties are conceivable in looking through a room, coming up next are the outline of the fundamental looking through advances: 1. Gap the territory and select an inquiry stature. 2. Start from the base and stir yourself up. 3. Start consecutive and move in the direction of one another. 4. Circumvent the dividers and continue toward the focal point of the room. Step by step instructions to refer to Bomb Threat and Explosion Investigation, Papers

Entire Course (Managerial Economics) Essay Example for Free

Whole Course (Managerial Economics) Essay Firm Objectives. For what reason do some business firms seek after a triple-main concern result while others center just around benefit expansion? If it's not too much trouble utilize a genuine organization guide to show your focuses Dynamic Under Uncertainty. To save money on fuel costs, Edith and Mathew consented to carpool together for venturing out to and from work. Edith liked to go on I-20 roadway as it was normally the quickest, taking 25 minutes without traffic delays. Mathew brought up that congested driving conditions on the roadway can prompt long defers making the outing 45 minutes. He liked to go along Shea Boulevard, which was longer (35 minutes), yet seldom had congested driving conditions. Edith concurred that if there should arise an occurrence of congested roads, Shea Boulevard was a sensible other option. Neither of them knows the condition of the thruway early. In the wake of heading to deal with the I-20 parkway for multi month (20 workdays), they saw the expressway as stuck multiple times. Accepting that this month is a decent portrayal of the entire months ahead, ought to Edith and Mathew keep on utilizing the parkway for venturing out to work? How might you end change for the winter months, if terrible climate makes it likely for congested driving conditions on the interstate to increment to 6 days out of each month? How might your decision change if Mathew bought another advanced cell application that could show the status of the thruway traffic before their drive every morning, subsequently diminishing the likelihood of them getting into a jam down to just 1day every month (where on this day, the application indicated no road turned parking lot, however a jam created meanwhile as they were driving along the interstate). Financial matters of Risk and Uncertainty Applied Problems. It would be ideal if you complete the accompanying 3 applied issues in a Word or Excel archive. Show every one of your counts and clarify your outcomes. Present your task in the drop box by utilizing the Assignment Submission button. 1. A liberal college advocate has consented to give a lot of moneyâ for understudy grants. The cash can be given in one singular amount of $10mln, or in parts, where $5.5mln can be given in year 1, and another $5.5mln can be given in year 2. Accepting the open door financing cost is 6%, what is the current estimation of the subsequent other option? Which of the two options ought to be picked and why? How might your choice change if the open door loan cost was 12%? If it's not too much trouble show every one of your figurings. 2. Volkswagen is thinking about opening an Assembly Plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the creation of its 2012 Passat, customized for the US advertise. The CEO of the organization is thinking about two potential alternatives for the size of the plant: one is an enormous size with an anticipated yearly creation of 150,000 vehicles, and the other one is a littler size plant, which is less expensive to manufacture, however can just deliver up to 80,000 vehicles for each year. Contingent upon the normal degree of interest for these vehicles in the US, Volkswagen needs to choose which alternative is increasingly gainful. The markdown rate is 6% and for effortlessness purposes, the CEO is just assessing a two-year skyline. The underlying plant arrangement cost, the normal interest situations, benefit, and probabilities are appears in the beneath table. Compute the Net Present Value in every one of the two choices. Which alte rnative should the CEO pick and why? Kindly show every one of your figurings. 3. A heavenly attendant speculator is thinking about putting resources into one of two new companies and is assessing the normal returns alongside the danger of every choice so as to pick the better other option. Business 1 is an inventive protein caffeinated drink, which has ENPV of $100,000 with a standard deviation of $40,000. Business 2 is a novel chicken wings plunging sauce with an ENPV of $60,000 and a standard deviation of $25,000. an) Apply the coefficient-of-variety choice measure to these choices to discover which is favored by the heavenly attendant financial specialist, accepting that he/she is hazard disinclined. b) Apply the maximin basis, accepting that the most noticeably awful result in Business 1 is to lose $5,000, though the most exceedingly awful result in Business 2 is to make just $5,000 in benefit. c) If you were the blessed messenger financial specialist, what is your assurance identical for these two tasks? Is it true that you are chance unwilling, hazard no npartisan, or hazard sweetheart? Week 2 Negligible Rate of Substitution. What is the negligible pace of replacement (MRS) and for what reason does it reduce asâ the customer substitutes one item for another? Use guides to outline Request Elasticity. If it's not too much trouble read the article Hainer, R. (2010), gave in the necessary readings area during the current week. The tobacco business is a prime guide to consider when discussing value versatility of interest. While nicotine utilize can be addictive for some clients, it isn't addictive for the supposed social smokers. What would we be able to state about the value versatility of interest for nicotine items, (for example, cigarettes, pipes, tobacco) in the gathering of nicotine dependent clients, versus the gathering of social smokers? Would we be able to state whose request is probably going to be increasingly versatile? Why? Purchaser Demand Analysis and Estimation Applied Problems. It would be ideal if you complete the accompanying 3 applied issues in a Word or Excel report. Show every one of your computations and clarify your outcomes. Present your task in the drop box by utilizing the Assignment Submission button. 1. Roshima is exploring colleges where she could read for her MBA degree. She is thinking about 3 significant properties that she thinks about significant in her decision: positioning, cost, and area. The worth she puts on each property, in any case, contrasts as per whether she stays full-time utilized during her investigations or leaves her place of employment and spotlights on her degree. In the event that she keeps on working all day and takes every one of her courses on the web, at that point positioning is the most significant property, twice as significant as cost and multiple times as significant as area. In the event that she leaves her place of employment and goes to class full time, at that point area becomes multiple times as significant as positioning and twice as significant as cost. She is thinking about two colleges, individually, the MBA program at Arizona State University (ASU) and the MBA program at University of Phoenix (UOP), the two of which are valued at roughly $25,000. She has appraised each characteristic on a size of 1 to 100 for every one of the two schools. a. Which of the two choices ought to Roshima seek after of she needs to keep her all day work? (Ascertain the absolute anticipated utility from each school alternative and think about. Chart isn't required) b. Which of the two choices would it be a good idea for her to pick on the off chance that she intends to leave her place of employment and commit to her examinations? c. Which choice would it be advisable for her to seek after if the likelihood of being laid off and unfit to get another line of work is evaluated asâ 0.6? Show your computations and clarify your thinking. 2. The interest work for Einstein Bagels has been evaluated as follows: †40.73Px + 84.17Py + 0.55Ax where Qx speaks to a large number of bagels; Px is the cost per bagel; Py is the normal cost per bagel of different brands of bagels; and Ax speaks to a large number of dollars spent promoting Einstein Bagels. The present estimations of the free factors are , and a. Ascertain the value flexibility of interest for Einstein’s Bagels and clarify what it implies. b. Infer an articulation for the (converse) request bend for Einsteins’s Bagels. c. In the event that the expense of creating Einstein’s Bagels is consistent at $0.10 per bagel, would it be a good idea for them to diminish cost and from that point, sell more bagels (expect benefit expansion is the company’s objective)? d. Should Einstein Bagels spend more on promoting? 3. The counseling firm that you work for has been recruited by the US Government to give an autonomous examination of the interest symptoms of a pondered increment in the expense on fuel. They furnish you with an informational collection identifying with the period 1962-1987, which they state contains important noteworthy exercises identifying with the effect of unpredictable siphon costs because of the gracefully limitations forced by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) guidelines that necessary vehicle makers to build the eco-friendliness of the vehicles they sold, while simultaneously Real Disposable Income (RDI) per capita was rising, the quantity of traveler vehicles (NPC) nearly multiplied, and expansion was pushing up the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Week 3 Significant Costs. Two accomplices own together a little arranging business in North Carolina, called Summer Lawn Care. They have been having some expertise in summer grass seeding, establishment, and support. As of late, the accomplices procured uncommon innovation and skill for winter grass establishments and support. They additionally included a tree cutting help as ongoing tempests in theâ area had made interest for this administration take off. One of the accomplices demands that the name of the business should change to Lawn and Tree Care, with the goal that it better mirrors the scope of administrations and, in this manner, produces more client intrigue, and accordingly contracts. The subsequent accomplice needs to keep the old name and contends, â€Å"We have just paid for business cards, vehicle paint, signage, and advertisements in Yellow Pages†. Assess the contentions of the two accomplices. Clarify and outline their focuses by recognizing the applicable and superfluous expenses for this choice. Commitment Analysis. Clarify what is implied by â€Å"contribution analysis†. Cautiously characterize the term and give guides to represent it. Creation Cost Analysis and Estimation Applied Problems. If it's not too much trouble total the accompanying 3 applied issues in a Word or Excel report. Show every one of your computations and clarify your outcomes. Present your task in the drop box by utilizing the Assignment Submission button. 1. Jennifer Trucking Company works a huge apparatus transportation business in Texas that transports privately developed vegetables to San Diego, California. The organization possesses 5 enormous apparatuses and recruits neighborhood drivers paid fixed pay rates month to month, paying little heed to the nu

Decoding SIPA Courses for Prospective Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Decoding SIPA Courses for Prospective Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog When I was looking at graduate schools, I wanted to know what my course load would look like and what electives I would be able to take. I didn’t want to be stuck taking two years of core classes and I wanted to make sure there were elective classes that suited my interests. Here’s the guide for past-Julia on how to decipher SIPA’s courses. All students must fulfill their “core requirement” courses which include Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Quantitative Analysis I, Financial Management, and Management. Students will also need to take a Professional Development course, internship, and complete a capstone project which usually takes place second year, last semester. Students can take up to 18 credits per semester, though most take around 16 credits. You can view sample course schedules in each Concentration’s “Sample Path” or “Sample Program” tab (Eg: Energy and Environment’s sample path, Economic and Political Development’s sample program) All prospective students can find SIPA’s list of courses here. You can then filter for semester as well as degree programs, concentrations, and specializations if you click “advanced search criteria”. Clicking on the blue plus button on the left of the course title, you will be able to find the course description, professor, and time/location of class. Key notes on searching for classes: Students who are in the MPA and MIA program are blocked from registering for EMPA courses (Executive MPA program) There are 3 credit courses and 1.5 credit courses. 1.5 credit courses are usually half-semester courses or courses that are completed in two weekends. Enrolled students will be able to find past course syllabus and evaluations. Not all courses are offered every semester or every year. As you’re completing your application for SIPA, take a look at the courses we have to offer, and if you can,  sign up to sit in on one or two! Note from Admissions: As Julia mentioned, class visits are open. You can sit in on up to two SIPA classes and get a feel for the classroom experience and community. Sign up soon as seats are first come, first serve.

Integrated Physics and Chemistry Research Assignment - 1100 Words

Integrated Physics and Chemistry Research Assignment (Lab Report Sample) Content: Student Name:Date Experiment Done:Date Report Completed:Name of Grader:DensityHypothesisPart 1Hypothesis: If different objects of same mass are placed in water; their positions in water vary depending on their sizes, the big objects will go deeper into the water than the smaller objects. Part 2 Hypothesis: If objects have different mass but equal volume, the objects with small mass have the least density as compared to objects with bigger mass. Part 3Hypothesis: If the material of an object is unknown, it can be determined by obtaining the density of the material and matching them with known material densities to identify the material of the object. ProcedureProcedure: Part 1: How does volume affect density?I first obtained the blocks of similar masses and then immersed each block, one by one, into the water while observing and noting their positions in the water.Part 2: How does mass affect density?I first obtained blocks of the same volume, from which I noticed the blocks had different masses. Secondly, I placed the yellow block in water and recorded what happened. I then removed the yellow block from the water and placed the red block in water and also recorded what happened.Part 3: Finding the density of Various ObjectsAfter obtaining various objects from the mystery options. I measured the weights of each block and recorded them. After obtaining the masses of all the blocks, starting with block A, I placed block A in water and recorded the new position of the water level. I then removed block A from the water. I also took block B of known mass and placed in water. Block B, however, did not fully risk into the water. I dragged it down to obtain full volume and recorded the position of water. I repeated the same processes with the remaining blocks as I recorded their new position in the water. All the blocks that did not sink fully into the water were pulled down in an attempt to obtain accurate measurements of their volume and not just the p arts under water. DataPart 1: Same Mass, Different Volume Questions Answers 1 What observations do you have about the comparative volumes of the 5.00 kg blocks? The comparative volumes of 5.00 kg had different volumes. The yellow block had the biggest volume, followed by the blue, green, and red block. 2 What happened to each block when you placed them in the water, where did they end up in the water column? When the blocks of 5.00 kg of different volumes were each placed into the water. The smallest blocks, both red and green, sunk to the bottom surface of the water. The blue block, which is second largest, only sunk halfway but fully into the water. The yellow and biggest block was not fully into the water as only some parts of it were under the water. Part 2: Same Volume, Different Mass Questions Answers 1 What happened to the volume of water when you put the yellow block in the water? The volume of water increased to 105 L 2 Show how you would find the volume of the yellow block . Volume of yellow block=Volume of water with the yellow block-volume of water without the yellow block 3 What is the volume of the water when you first put the red block in the water? 102 L 4 What did you have to do to make the water read the same volume with the red block as it did with the yellow block? The red block did not fully go under the water. To make the volume the red block equal to the yellow block, I had to pull the block to ensure it was fully under the water. Part 3: Obtaining Density and Determining MaterialName of Block Mass (kg) Volume (L) Density (kg/L) Material A 65.14 3.38 19.27 Gold B 0.64 1.00 0.64 Apple C 4.08 5.83 0.70 Gasoline D 3.10 3.38 0.92 Ice E 3.53 1.00 3.53 Diamond Data Analysis- Calculations:Density=mass kgvolume(L)Name of Block Calculations Density A 65.14 kg103.38-100 L 19.27 kg/L B 0.64 kg101-100L 0.63 kg/L C 4.08 kg105.83-100L 0.70 L D 3.10 kg103.38-100L 0.92 kg/L E 3.53 kg101-100L 3.53 kg/L Data Analysis- Interpretation Questions: * Answer al l questions listed below Questions Answers 1 Each block for part 1 was in a different part of the water column, what does their position in the water column say about the density of each block? How can you tell which is the least dense or the most dense based on where it was in the water? The positions of water columns for the blocks in part 1 varied depending on the volume of the blocks.Based on their positions in the water, the smallest blocks have the highest densities, followed by the blue block, and then the yellow block, which has the lowest density. 2 For Part 1, you just changed the volume. What is the relationship between volume and density? An increase in volume leads to a decrease in the density, while a decrease in volume leads to an increase in density. 3 For part 2, you just changed the mass. What is the relationship between mass and density? Density increases with an increase in mass 4 Describe how you found the volume of each block in Part 3. Volume of each block was given by water level when the block is fully under water-water level without any block.The change in volume of water/level of water represented the volume of the blocks.

Reflection Of The 9 / 11 Dispute - 1065 Words

Jose Torres Dr. Becker English 111 Final Draft Due: September 2, 2015 Reflection of the 9/11 Dispute September 11, 2001 was a date where the world would change forever. In the morning of September 11, 2001, two full sized 767 Boeing passenger airplanes were hijacked and crashed directly into the admirably tall 110 story buildings at the World Trade Center in New York. The buildings that were damaged early in the morning proceeded to collapse at free fall speed immediately after the impact of each individual plane into the towers. There were also two more passenger planes hijacked that same day. One of the other two planes was directed into the United States heart of self-defense which was The Pentagon. The other plane crashed in the middle of an open field in Pennsylvania. This is one major event in the span of American history because it deals with the security of a powerful nation. It also affects the social and political stand point of a large amount of American voters. That is why this incident that killed over 3,000 people leads us to ask all the big questions; what really happened on 9/11? And why? As an average person we readily accept only what we are exposed to. We ask â€Å"what happened† and are told by websites such as Wikipedia and The History Channel that the incident on 9/11 was a terrorist attack led by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda. It also explains how the buildings were structurally damaged by the intense fires that burned due to the 20,000 gallons ofShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness of International Law1254 Words   |  6 Pageseffective tool for the resolution of international disputes. Timely resolutions and unbiased resolutions are factors that determine effective dispute resolution. The definition and concept of international law, effective aspects of international law, and certain limitations of international law will be discussed in this essay. 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Masters of Business Administration (MBA) Admission Essay

To this end I’ve gained a strong conviction to pursue a post graduate degree programme in Masters of Business Administration and believe that this will open up myriad professional opportunities in tandem with my career prospects. My focus and determination on personal growth and development has overtime ensured my success in different academic and professional fields. Among my primary application choices, Kellstadt Graduate School of Business is the most realistic school for me to get in since It is the largest private provider of part-time business graduate education programs in the country, and also offers a variety of business programs at locations and times that are accessible for the working professional. I’m passionate about career development and take great interest in academic research. With the changing business trends and strategies in the corporate world, I believe having a comprehensive understanding of the current management models and business concepts is the most appropriate move to keep up with the market economy and ensure total quality management of products and services. I hold a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology (Allied Health Sciences) with a concentration in Ctyology. I have also worked in Detroit medical center. I was able to Work with Pathologists to detect abnormal pathological disease processes along with changes in cellular material from all body sites in the early diagnosis of cancer. Prior to this, I have also worked in Acl laboratories and as a lecturer in the university hospital. The marketing department played a vital role to the sales department. We developed campaigns to promote the product to distributors and customers. I developed the branding,for instance the logo, the slogan, that was used in advertising. We were responsible for all press releases. I helped create campaigns that make the product attractive to purchase, either by customers directly or by distributors who will sell the product for you.This kind of resilience and sense of responsibility has up to date enabled me to successfully serve as a marketer. My short term goals is to Work full-time at my current profession as a Cytologist at ACL Laboratories while pursuing my MBA at Depaul part time for Marketing.   In this respect during my MBA programme and even upon the successful completion of the programme I’ll be in a better position to deliver professional management services and also detect abnormal pathological disease processes along with changes in cellular material from all body sites in the early diagnosis of cancer to the corporate world and even start my own business using the skills and knowledge I’ve acquired. Due to my background in healthcare, my long term goal is to be able to work in marketing at a pharma company or hospital for the marketing department and employ a competent team in both the operations and management levels. To this end I believe the MBA programmer will sharpen my marketing competence and expose me to much more competitive international business strategies that will eventually put me in the world map as a professional and most successful marketer and business proprietor. This will not only fulfill my career ambitions but will provide me with the knowledge, education and real-world experience after an internship to be successful at my lifelong goal in marketing. It will also benefit the business community and the society at large. I’ll finally be able to make a significant contribution to the society and make a difference. The MBA programme will also provide me with a solid academic ground towards pursuance of Doctor of Philosophy programme (PHD). I’ll eventually be able to make a significant contribution to the society and make a difference. When I was working in Detroit medical center I experienced an ethical dilemma where a Registered Nurse (RN) from the unit that I was working told me that she had difficulty with language barrier with a 78-year-old Afghan male patient. She asked me if I could help her with the Persian language translation. She was frustrated as to why her patient did not pass urine since his admission. She told me that she wanted to use urine bottle but the man refused and did not let her use it. I went to the patient’s room introduced myself and translated what the nurse asked me to tell to Mr. X.Mr x told claimed that the nurse was shameless and that she tries to touches his private area.I explained to the patient the reason to why the nurse touched him was that she tried so much to make him understand but since he did not, she moved to practically showing him. Therefore, I taught him how to use urine bottle and also where to place it once he was done with it. I showed him the call bell and put it in his reach and told him that when he needed help, he would just press the red button, and then his nurse would come to help. I wrote in a paper in Persian that he could understand and in English that the nurse could understand such as â€Å"I want water, I want walker to go to washroom ete. I showed him all the buttons that were demonstrated with pictures in his bed and I give him a clear direction on how he could use to position himself. I gave him the paper and told him to show the appropriate request sentences to the nurse if he needed any help and he could be assisted. Since 6 o’clock was the medication time for my patients and I had to attend to them, I bid farewell to him and left his room. I was pleased with the end results because Mr. X. was able to manage his bed positioning by learning the buttons on his bed he acquired some se nse of mastery, sense of control and self efficacy. He did not express powerlessness and helplessness any more. As part of the collaborative, I thought that it would have been effective if nurses s found out more effectual ways of communicating with their patients and should use culturally proficient communication with patients. Nurses should use culturally proficient communication with patients with the intention of taking into concern the client’s verbal or nonverbal language, unique healthcare needs, perceptions, and cultural ethics. Lack of knowledge and influence of culture may cause frustration to both the nurse and the patient .This may also make a patient feel powerless. Sensitivity to cultural assortment can make the entire significant role in building a healthy patient nurse relationship and decreases powerlessness. Hospitals should come up with staff interpreters, External interpretation agencies to reduce language and communication barriers that pose a severe threat to receiving high-quality and safe health care.

Lorraine Hansberry s A Raisin And The Sun, There Is A...

The epigraph to Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, there is a poem by Langston Hughes titled: â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† I believe the reason why Hansberry chose this particular poem as the epigraph to her play to be a form of foreshadowing and metaphor for the Younger family. In Hughes’s poem, there are four potential outcomes for when a raisin is left in the sun. It could fester like a sore and then run. A could smell like rotten meat. It could crust and sugar over. Or does it explode? Each of these potential outcomes could even be a direct parallel to each of the Youngers’ dreams, particularly Walter’s. However, throughout the course of the play several Youngers’ dreams come into direct conflict with one another or even the family dynamic itself. Especially when it involves the life insurance policy check that is coming which could change all their lives. Which also becomes a main focal point for all the strife in the family. Beneatha could best be described as the dawning of the modern woman in the 1950s. She’s educated and independent and aims very high for her ideal career choice as a doctor, but needs money for her schooling. And yet when it comes to her outlook on life Asagai summarizes her the best by bestowing upon her the name â€Å"Alaiyo.† Which means: One for whom bread-food-is not enough. Her attitude towards the money though could best be described as passive, unlike Walter who is constantly bringing up the topic she honestly could care lessShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of `` Lorraine Hansberry `` And Langston Hughes Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesAwareness, paying attention, and being conscious of one s thoughts are some of the few things that can improve how people live and think. If more people start to become more aware of others thoughts and feelings, then it will affect those other people and oneself in positive ways. A few writers who discuss this topic are David W allace, Lorraine Hansberry, and Langston Hughes. In his commencement speech, Commencement Speech, Kenyon College, David Wallace explains the importance of getting a degreeRead MoreEveryday Use, Lorraine Hansberry And The Sun, And Langston Hughes s Poetry Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout literature, they still tend to be very similar. In Alice Walker’s short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Lorraine Hansberry play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun,† and Langston Hughes’s poems â€Å"Harlem† and â€Å"Theme for English B† they evaluate the social construction of African Americans. What makes these authors so alike is the similarities that they share; being that they were all born in the early 1900’s, are all of African American ethnicity, and acknowledge the social construct of African Americans in theseRead MoreThe Dreams Of African Americans1352 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1950’s, it was extremely hard for an African America n to have their dreams come true. A poem by Langston Hughes entitled â€Å"Harlem† describes the dreams of African Americans during this time period. Lorraine Hansberry wrote â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† based off of this poem and it further depicts the struggles African Americans went through trying to achieve their dreams. The main characters in A Raisin in the Sun have dreams of their own, however, each stanza in the poem Harlem closely relatesRead More Unfulfilled Dreams in Lorraine Hansberrys Raisin in the Sun2536 Words   |  11 Pagescrystallizing and internally segmenting his own derived purpose and meaning of life until it is indiscernible from its original state of grandeur and grace? Those are some of the questions that Lorraine Hansberry poses for consideration in her play, A Raisin in the Sun. It is no accident that she chose Langston Hughes poem as a gateway into the incredible experience of true life, living, dreaming and working for a better tomorrow as enacted and emoted by her plays characters, the Youngers. More specificallyRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1278 Words   |  6 Pages A Raisin In The Sun by Lorraine Hansberry is a realistic fictional drama in which the play s title and the characters represent the play s theme. The play focused on black American struggles to reach the American Dream of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness during the 1950’s and the 1960’s. The idea of everyone having the chance to achieve a better life should exist for all. Hansberry created her title using a line from Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"A Dream Deferred† the original poem was writtenRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1120 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A raisin in the sun† was written by Lorraine Hansberry. The play was not expected to do so well because it had one white cast member, an inexperienced director, and an untried playwright. Set in the south side of Chicago in the 1950s, the play begins in the morning in the Youngers apartment. Their apartment has two bedrooms, one for mama and Beneatha, and one for Ruth and Walter, w hile Walter’s son Travis sleeps on the couch in the living room. Ruth gets up first and talks and Walter and TravisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Harlem 1303 Words   |  6 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was an American poet; a Joplin, Missouri native and an active, versatile writer, earning acclaim as a poet, novelist, playwright and columnist. He was one of the first poets to explore an innovative sing-songy, stylized delivery called jazz poetry. As an African-American, his point of view, collectively synergized with this then-new literary art, catapulted his writings between the 1930s - 1960s. He is often credited as the leader of the Harlem Renaissance, and â€Å"famouslyRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1474 Words   |  6 PagesLorraine Hansberry created the play A Raisin in the Sun. A Raisin in the Sun recounts an anecdote about The Youngers who is a poor African American family living on the Southside of Chicago. A chance to escape from neediness comes as a $10,000 extra security watch that the female authority of the family (Lena/Mama) gets upon her significant other s passing. Lena s kids, Walter and Beneatha, each have plans with the cash. The most established child, Walter (a man of 35 with a spouse and a youthfulRead MoreDreams As A Mode Of Freedom1611 Words   |  7 Pagesmotif began to articulate a more hopeful future. While some of the poems by the Harlem Renaissance writer Langston Hughes harbor a melancholy attitude echoing that of the Negro Spirituals, Hughes’s work can mainly be seen as the turning point for how the motif of dreams would be portrayed in the works of prominent black authors and figureheads. Langston Hughes was the beginning of the positive portrayal of the dream. At the time, Hughes flourished within his community and it wouldn’t be until many yearsRead More Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Dignity and the American Dream1248 Words   |  5 PagesDignity and the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun   Ã‚  Ã‚   The American Dream, although different for each of us, is what we all aspire to achieve. In Lorraine Hansberrys, play, A Raisin in the Sun, each member of the Younger family desperately hopes for their own opportunity to achieve the American Dream. The American Dream to the Younger family is to own a home, but beyond that, to Walter Younger, it is to be accepted by white society.    In the book entitled Advertising the American

Creationism The Center of Our Universe and Life Essay...

Many people believe that through the theory of evolution life began. However the world’s most popular book is the Bible. The Bible is also on almost every critics top ten list of books that should be read. So how can the world’s most popular book be wrong? Many who have read the Bible believe that only through the power of God life began upon the Earth. There are many people who do not believe in the theory of evolution and instead believe in the power of divine creationism. Creationism is a belief that Deity or God created all life and intelligence in the universe and upon the earth. Based on the biblical account, â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth† (1:1). Creationists believe that God is the sole architect of†¦show more content†¦More than half of the population worldwide believes in a creationists ideal, â€Å"At the end of the Middle Ages, European tradition held that all of the Earth ´s inhabitants had been created by G od in one place, the Garden of Eden, soon after the formation of the earth† (Thwaites). Even though creationism cannot be scientifically proven it should not be discounted as a valid theory. There are many religions and religious followers that have a belief system based on these ideals, â€Å"Twentieth-century creationists follow many paths. The young earth creationists believe in a single, special creation that occurred only several thousand years ago. They are the defenders of the most strictly literal Biblical view. Old earth creationists believe, as do the young-earthers, in a single, special creation, but believe it took place billions of years ago. These creationists at least accept the position of modern science on the age of the earth, though they do not believe that one species can give rise to another† (Thwaites). Those who believe in the creationist theory will always believe that all life on earth including humankind was a divine act from deity. The teaching of evolution vs. creationism has a great impact in the classroom system. Most science and biology teachers are only authorized to teach the curriculum of the theory of evolution. Since a majority of the population also believes in divine creationism, schools should be required to teach bothShow MoreRelatedEssay about Creation Science1400 Words   |  6 Pages Creationism is a religious metaphysical theory about the origin of the universe. It is not a scientific theory. Technically, creationism is not necessarily connected to any particular religion. It simply requires a belief in a Creator. 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Cybercrime And Its Effects On The Internet And Digital...

Cybercrime is one of today s most criminal acts , it is a different kind of crime where there can be no physical contact involved. Criminals now can be sitting behind a computer , on the other side of the world stealing precious information from you. Common cyber attacks can involve stealing of intellectual property, gaining confidential information, fraud by accessing personal information and overall a malicious threat in order to produce a financial or political benefit. Cybercrime today is now a bigger risk than ever before due to the increasing development of the internet and digital technology services. There is a growing trend in the internet and digital technologies where transactions, services and data storage is all kept, making it vulnerable for online attacks. Attackers exploit vulnerability in hardware , software and user behaviour. They take advantage of people who fail to follow basic cyber security practices such as, regularly updating their passwords, updating the ir antivirus software and using protected wireless networks .Norton Antivirus has stated that cyber crime has been so severe that it has even surpassed the likes of drug- trafficking ( Norton 2015) . It has become a major issue that all governments and businesses will need to look at implementing security defences. With the growing severity of cyber attacks, small countries are very vulnerable as they may not have the same defences as large countries . New Zealand and Estonia are examples ofShow MoreRelatedCyber Threat, Its Scope And Its Impact On National Security991 Words   |  4 PagesCyberspace which is an offshoot for the development of computer and digital communication technologies, has in recent decades become part and parcel of our daily lives. It has become an ideal source for cyber criminals to remain active while preying on victims. Higher the number of cyberspace users’, higher is the opportunities for exploitation. So it is the need of the hour to protect our computers, networks, digital applications and our data from unintended or unauthorized source, change or destructionRead MoreDigital Evidence And Law Enforcement Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesSince the introduction of computer and technology, they have become the new weapon in committing crime, and to the burgeoning science of digital evidence, law enforcement now use computers to fight crime. Nevertheless, digital evidence is information stored, transmitted, and received in binary form that can potentially be relied on as evidence in court. Notwithstanding, digital evidence is commonly associated with crimes that involve such devices, such as a computer hard drives, external storageRead MoreThe Effects Of Cybercrime And Its Effects On Society1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Cybercrime Did you know a study by Norton reveals that 65 % of internet users worldwide have fallen victim to cybercrimes like credit card fraud, computer viruses or identity theft. Countries that have been attacked the most is china with 83% of its people have been victims, Brazil and India with 76% and USA with 73% users have fallen victim to cybercrimes like credit card fraud, computer viruses and identity theft as seen in the table below. â€Å"Cybercrime is criminal activity or aRead MoreDigital Evidence And Law Enforcement Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesComputers have become a new weapon in committing crime, and to the burgeoning science of digital evidence, law enforcement now uses computers to fight crime. Digital evidence is information stored, transmitted, and received in binary form that can potentially be relied on as evidence in court. Notwithstanding, digital evidence is commonly associated with crimes that involve such devices, such as a computer hard drives, external storage devices, mobile phones, among others, and are often referredRead MoreCyber Law1506 Words   |  7 PagesCYBER LAW INTRODUCTION: Cyberlaw is a new phenomenon having emerged much after the onset of Internet. Internet grew in a completely unplanned and unregulated manner. Even the inventors of Internet could not have really anticipated the scope and far reaching consequences of cyberspace. The growth rate of cyberspace has been enormous. Internet is growing rapidly and with the population of Internet doubling roughly every 100 days, Cyberspace is becoming the new preferred environment of the worldRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Our Daily Lives1540 Words   |  7 Pages The widespread use of internet in our daily lives has brought upon not just positive outcomes, but also negative outcomes an example being cybercrime. We find that the internet is the fastest growing technological infrastructure development in today’s modern world. This is evident due to the emergence of a digital platform trend. The increasing demand of the internet and computers has led to the adoption of computer technology into products that initially used to perform without theRead MoreCybercrime And Its Effects On Society1239 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract-This research explores the different forms of cybercrime and its effects on society when compared to several years ago. Moreover, it focuses on the changes that have been made to fight the rise of cybercrimes. With the advances in technology allowing society to stay interconnected online, criminals, both who is not an expert and experienced, have taken advantage of growing opportunities. By taking into consideration the dangers on this issue, it is important to take action and provide solutionsRead MoreA National Security Threat : Cybercrime1989 Words   |  8 PagesNATIONAL SECURITY THREAT: CYBERCRIME Monika Sharma1 and Michael Losavio2 1Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 2Department of Justice Administration, Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. m0shar17@louisville.edu, Michael.Losavio@louisville.edu ABSTRACT Cyberspace which is an offshoot of the development of computer and digital communication technologies, has in recent decadesRead MoreCyber Threat, Its Scope And Its Impact On National Security2043 Words   |  9 PagesABSTRACT Cyberspace which is an upshot for the evolution of computer and digital communication technologies, has in recent decades become part and parcel of our daily lives. It has become an ideal source for cyber criminals to remain active while preying on victims. Higher the number of cyberspace users’, higher is the opportunities for exploitation. So it is the need of the hour to protect our computers, networks, digital applications and our data from unintended or unauthorized source, change orRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Financial System1478 Words   |  6 Pages Advancements in technology and the exponential rate at which it is evolving has revolutionized the way the financial system is able to conduct its activities and connect to the public all around the world. The evolution of technology has greatly contributed to economic developments worldwide, however, coupled with the increased dependence on technology is the complexity and sophistication of cyber security threats that has resulted in the rise in cybercrime not just in a technologically driven country

Leadership in Health Care System

Question: Discuss about theLeadership in Health Care System. Answer: Introduction Leadership is described as the process of directing a group of people towards achieving a common goal. The most important aspects of leadership is influencing the group in the most positive way and dealing with the changes that arise (Planting the Seeds of Diversity, 2013). The healthcare system is composed of different professionals, specialty groups and departments. In such complex settings it requires strategic leadership style that will be able to coordinate all the activities. In such large organizations conflicts are more likely to emerge because of different subcultures that exist. Leadership therefore need to address all the areas of diversity within the health care system and use resources more efficiently when coming up with the management process to encourage or drive the entire team to work towards common goals. There are several leadership styles that can be applied to manage strategic changes in health care. Transformational leadership is a style that goes beyond the normal leadership of supervision and managing the group performance as it insists on the logic that if team members are focused in a mission they have to work in a more effective manner. It requires the leaders to communicate clearly their visions in a way that makes sense, creates collaboration, unity and its more exciting to the members. A leader as the main element of change in the organization has to make the group members to focus on the vision of initiating change within the organization through empowering them and acting as their guide (Al-Sawai, 2013). Through their ability to influence attitude they can motivate the members to work towards the change in the organization this can be in form of rewards that point out the good works. In the health care setting such leaders work towards team achievement rather than from individual gain. Collaborative leadership is another style that can be used to strategize on change in the health care system. Collaboration operates in the context of cooperation among individuals working together towards mutual benefit. Collaborative leaders communicate information clearly to their coworkers and the general organizations team in order to allow them to make their own opinions on the issue at hand (Al-Abri, 2012). This style is applicable when initiating change because it encourages consultations between the stake holders in order to share ideas, experiences and knowledge hence reducing the complexity levels within the health care system. This form of leadership creates a platform where individuals with different responsibilities can be able validate and communicate their needs to be able to identify the areas where change is needed. The collaboration promotes mutual understanding among the different culture groups and allows the integration and links among the different stakeholders (Al-Abri, 2012). In this style its the mutual values and visions that hold the team members together to achieve even better results than it would have been done individually. A leader cannot be able to effect change in the organization without the team power and the commitment from the fellow coworkers from the very beginning. Conclusion Because change requires clearly planned out procedure to be followed the team leader should be ready to take the responsibility fully. Transformative leadership style is best suited when conducting changes in the health care organization. Here the leader acts as the main agent of change in the system and makes all the team members focus on one vision given their ability to influence attitude in the organization. The leader guides the team through the change and notes any areas that need to be addressed and gives solutions. References Al-Abri, R. (2012). Managing Change in Healthcare. Oman Medical Journal, 22(3), 910. Al-Sawai, A. (2013). Leadership of Healthcare Professionals: Where Do We Stand? Oman Medical Journal, 28(4), 285287. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2013.79 Leadership in Medicine Building Ethical Healthcare Organizations. (2012). Leadership In Health Services, 25(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs.2012.21125caa.008 Planting the Seeds of Diversity. (2013). JOM, 65(7), 807-807. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0650-z

The Perks of Being a Wallflower free essay sample

‘The Perks of Being a Wallflower’ is told in a series of letters that were addressed from the main character, Charlie, to an anonymous reader as an outlet for his fears. Charlie is a freshman in high school and is just starting to learn to accept and identify who he really is. After loosing his best friend to suicide, Charlie is left to experience high school on his own. Throughout this novel, Charlie begins to develop and mature as his character is faced with a handful of unfamiliar situations. Charlie, the main character, does not give much of a visual on the physical appearance of himself or many of the characters in the story. The reader is left to assume and imagine him on their own terms. From the start of the novel it seems that Charlie has a unique way of thinking and acting, and you may find yourself trying to work out what’s ‘wrong’ with him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Perks of Being a Wallflower or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His older sister is a preppy senior, who gets a lot of attention because of her looks. His older brother is a football star who plays football at Penn State. But Charlie, however, is just Charlie. He doesnt get much attention at school, and he isnt that popular. Despite the fact that he comes from a fairly normal family, he still feels displaced when everything outside is normal, which is a factor that draws the reader to him. Charlie begins his freshman year friendless, as a result to his friends’ suicide only a year before. Hes reluctant and unsure of himself and enters the school year with an abundance of struggles and insecurities. Charlie’s thoughtful and emotional approach to his friends and environment grants him a far cry from your usual adolescent teenage boy. Following his meeting with Sam and Patrick, two seniors who become his best friends, try hard to teach Charlie that life should be lived and not watched. Charlie begins to experience more of life, but was always more of the shy understanding type, a ‘wallflower’, â€Å"Its just that sometimes people use thought to not participate in life. he has said. Charlie puts all of the things you may think about as you grow up but can’t quite verbalize, into more simple terms, which gives him a particular charm that is easily relatable. Being an introvert myself like Charlie, found it easy to think of Charlie as a friend. I found that we often thought very alike, and think too much sometimes. Compared to Charlie, I as well find it sometimes hard to actively participate in life; Charlie gives a certain outlook onto the whole ‘wallflower’ idea that makes it seem okay. And even though you may feel uninvited and peculiar in life in many ways Charlie’s insight lets you feel positive and worthy of enjoying yourself. In his own words, So, I guess we are who we are for a lot of reasons. And maybe well never know most of them. But even if we dont have the power to choose where we come from, we can still choose wherever we go from there. We can still do things. And we can try to feel okay about them No matter how blatant many of his epiphanies are, Charlies small discoveries about his potential and happiness remain true and meaningful. He is one of those characters you wish were real, and in the presence of. Charlie’s character is very lovable; he is honest, real, blunt, and likable. Charlie’s words are wonderfully written and convey a very real and authentic vision, and after awhile you realize you had a lot more in common with him than you thought. One of the good things about Charlie is that he is just a genuinely nice person and teaches you to look and care about people they way he does. He gives a refreshing perspective on routine and normal events while being brutally honest. ‘The Perks of Being a Wallflower’ delivers a memorable main character that sets forth on his high school journey trying to remain sane in the midst of life and feeling out of place, but in fact is just like you and me.

How to Choose the Right Speech Writing Sample

How to Choose the Right Speech Writing SampleMost students today find it easy to write a short speech essay, and this is for good reason. Writing a short speech has become very popular because of the fact that it is a powerful tool for reaching out to people and the only problem with using it is the fact that many do not know how to start writing one and a lot of it ends up being either annoying or dull.In order to avoid this, you should use the help of a speech writing sample. However, before you even begin to go about looking for a speech writing sample, there are some things that you need to consider first. Here are the things that you need to consider when choosing the right speech writing sample.You need to know whether the speech sample is in a format that you can understand. When you are using a speech writing sample to help you with your speech writing, you have to be sure that it is well written and easy to read. You also need to make sure that it is in a format that is easy to understand. This will help you in knowing how to read it.What is important here is that the speech writing sample will help you create a perfect speech. It will help you see how to structure a speech, how to deliver it and how to handle questions. In other words, you will be able to clearly see the main points of the speech. Since you are choosing to use a speech writing sample to help you with your speech writing, you need to make sure that you get what you want.Also, if you are going to be using a speech writing sample, you have to make sure that you use the speech properly. If the speech is used incorrectly, it can actually ruin your reputation. If you are sending a speech to a group of people and it is not received well, you can really see the damage that it can do.On the other hand, if you are going to use a speech writing sample, you will know that it is well written and you will know exactly how to write it. It will help you clearly understand how the speech should be del ivered and how to deliver it effectively.So, you can see that choosing the right speech writing sample will help you create a speech that is effective. Just make sure that you choose the best, and that it will help you be successful in making sure that the speech is successful and will benefit you and others.

AP Lit Terms (Allegory- Didactic) Flashcard

AP Lit Terms (Allegory- Didactic)

The Benifits of Gum essays

The Benifits of Gum essays What I know- I do not know a lot about gum, which is why I want to research it further. I know that gum tastes very good and many people like to chew it. Early document action of gum says the Native Americans told the American Colonists about chewing on resin from spruce trees. Gum stimulates the saliva glands which is why it is actually good for your teeth. This is why the Native Americans told the Colonists about gum. Though gum is no substitute for brushing your teeth, if it is the only way you can clean them then it is good for a short term fixer. Gum comes in all different sizes flavors and colors. Some of the flavors are spearmint, peppermint, cinnamon, and winterblue mint, the original bubble gum, and all the other bubbleitious and bubbleyum flavors. Most people would not think that gum is an interesting topic to research. I wanted to learn more about gum. How it is made? Which flavor lasts longest? Which company makes the best gum, and how are gums different? These are some of the questions I want to answer in my research paper. I also would like to answer the question, is gum actually good for you? The problem of this I-search is that no one knows which gum flavor lasts the longest. By the end of my research I want to be able to know the answer to that.. Answering these questions will allow me to know more about what gum I should chew. I can find out which gum is healthiest, which gum flavor will get me though the day, and which company makes gum whose flavor that will last. Wrigleys gum is made with a long process. The beginning to making gum is melting and purifying the gum base. Next the melted base is mixed into a large mixer. Then sweeteners and flavors are added while the gum is being slowly mixed. A large loaf of gum is sent through a series of rollers, until it is the thi ...

Islamic Rites of Passage Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamic Rites of Passage Study - Essay Example The hope is that the person will die with the Shahada on their lips; Washing and Shrouding of the body in a clean white cloth (kafn), is a tradition passed down from Abraham and symbolizes not only purity, cleanliness and simplicity, but adherence to the Quran. As Muhammud said, "When one of you shrouds his dead brother, he should shroud him in the best of manners." All Islamic rituals demand purification before performance. The absence of color, the cleansing of the body, also signify a transition from worldly contamination, and preparation for a better, holier place. A variant on this practice is that those who die as martyrs may be buried in their own clothes, and some sects will use three sheets, while others only one. Performing such rituals on the body not only reaffirms faith, but allows comfort for the bereaved, who are caring for and helping the lost loved one. Funeral Prayers (Salat-l-Janazah) are said outdoors, with the Imam standing in front of the body. These are similar to the five daily prayers, with the first said aloud, the others silently, and known as Takbirs. The time, place, language, objects and actions provide a continuity, yet a transition from life to death, and allows individuals to add their own silent intentions for the person. Burial, which takes place quickly after death, to avoid worldly contamination, is always facing Mecca, and in a simple grave.

What is terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is terrorism - Essay Example There are many other similar definitions of terrorisms used by scholars and research institutions and thus, there isn`t a consensus on the exact definition as yet. Thus, it may be concluded that it is not an easy task to define it with one single definition. In fact, the true definition of terrorism can be given by looking at the nature of conflict and role of media. Since both of these are determining factors for classifying an act as a terrorist activity or the war of freedom it is crucial to study various definitions and thus find out recurring patterns. Thus, despite of the variety of definitions, there are some factors that are common to all of them (Duncan 2013). These factors are: b) Perpetrator: constitutes the person who is responsible for the terrorist attack. It can be anyone; even the state itself uses violence against its own public which is referred to as state terrorism c) Motive: in other words the aim of the terrorist attack. There is always a goal behind any terrorist activity which may be political or social. In the absence of any such motive, the act is not a terrorist attack, it is simply a crime. d) Victims: Who is a victim of terrorist activity is a very controversial issue. According to many definitions of terrorism, victim is generally the common people. Terrorists’ activities are carried on the masses in order to pressurize the government of that particular country. The term terrorism was first coined during the French revolution in 1790`s for the insurgents using violence against the state (Lacqueur 1977). However, over the years, such terrorist groups have been found inflicting violence if different forms all over the world. The concept of terrorism was historically treated as religious extremism, i.e. religious extremism could interchangeably be used for terrorism. One of the aspects

Terrorism: Causes, Effects and Prevention Strategies

Terrorism: Causes, Effects and Prevention Strategies In the last quarter of the century, there is a dramatic change in most of the terrorist activities, as they are well-planned, with a purpose to accomplish a precise identifiable and seemingly attainable political goal. In the past, most of the terrorist activities involved incidents like high-jacking an aircraft or the taking of a hostage following which certain demands were made. Their aim was usually to release their friends, or group leaders from prisons. Terrorism in the last few decades has taken a more violent and destructive turn, and quite often the demands are not made. Terrorism today is an act which is sudden, unprovoked, sheer brutal attack on innocent civilians killing several people in a crowded market or a gathering. Most of there terrorist attacks have had a political objective, which have now become rather diffused since the 9/11 attack. It now seems that the idea is to create fear and panic, and primarily to get publicity through the television news and print media According to several orthodox cultures, the terrorists resorted to this particular type of extremism as the only way for accomplishing political change. Also it appears to be interconnected to globalization and the increased impact of the United States and other Western countries. This has added to the resentments of the people of that part of the world. Thus it is the larger developments, changes in the international political structure, and expansion of globalization throughout the world that explains this trend in terrorism. The sixty years of suffering of the Palestinians and their unsuccessful efforts to get an independent state is one of the major reasons for the unrest in the Muslim World. The recent siege (412 Palestinian children perished between the 27th of December 2008 and the 18th of January 2009 as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried out by the Israeli Occupying Forces The end year of 2009 inevitably This markeds the First Year Memorial of Operation Cast Lead, when almost 1,400 Palestinians, mostly civilians were killed during the course of a brutal military operation carried out by Israeli authorities. Thousands more were wounded or displaced. 412 Palestinian children perished between the 27th of December 2008 and the 18th of January 2009. These children were killed as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried out by the Israeli Occupying Forces) affected the Palestinian social fabric completely. As the trauma grows with every violent incursion into Palestinian communities; hatred and tendency of revenge also increases among them. During the Gulf War, and more recently in Afghanistan, the terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because its the only tactic they have available to them. They dont have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They dont have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping, says Haroun, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. (cited in Warner, 2005).1 In reality these terrorist attacks does not harm the enemy physically very much, as few people could be killed in an attack. But the repercussions are tremendous from the psychological point of view. Ordinary people viewing the terrorist attack in person or watching it on television, gets anxious, terrified, and often develop a sense of foreboding fear, which in turn may lead to demoralization in the entire society. Psychological Terror Whatever is their modus operandi, terrorists share very similar aims. Alexander and Klein (2006)[1] concisely identified the aims of terrorism as follows: To create pervasive fear, anxiety and panic To generate a collective and individual sense of helplessness, vulnerability and hopelessness To demonstratereveal the incompetenceineffectiveness and/or inabilityincapability of the authorities to provide security and protectionsafety against such opponents And provoke the establishment into errors or over-reactions which will disaffect the general public or specific influential bodies. The last point is essentially vital as observed by the widespread concerns as for example the shooting of an innocent man by the Metropolitan Police in London sometime ago (as a result of consequent to the wrong information that he was a suicide bomber); the incarceration of terrorist suspects in high security prisons of Guantanamo Bay and Belmarsh; and the introduction of repressive legislation. Moreno (2003)[2] has persuasively proven how easy it is in a democratic society to subordinate hard-earned civil liberties to the need to introduce counter-terrorist legislation. The terrorist attacks provide harsh reminders that in todays world, one does not know what news may come next on television or other news media. Particularly disturbing television images of horrific incidents can trigger the innate startle response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened. Historically, every military clash has led to psychological warfare in some form in one way or another as th e enemy aims to break the morale of their opponent. Due to progress in technology; the popularity of the internet; and increase of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of psychological battle have changed. Whether it is a substantial attack or a single dreadful act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restricted to the physical damage it produces. Instead, the intent of these attacks is to instillinstil a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself. According to Professor Richard Bulliet of Columbia University: There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person. Interestingly the way media covers the event in fact determines the effect on the people. For instance, according to Bulliet, the Iranian hostage predicament, in 1979, which though lasted for 444 days, was infact actually one of the most harmless of (word harmless) criticalthings events that occurredhappened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All the U.S. hostages were released ultimately unscathed., butHowever this hostage event remains a psychological scarblemish for manyseveral Americans who watched powerlessly, each evenings newscast, they counted days the hostages were being held in custody. The terrorists often take advantage of images of a group of masked individuals coercing and intimidating exerting total power over their captives to sendconvey the message that the act is a collective demonstrationdisplay of the groups power rather than an individual criminal act. You dont have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. Its an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized. The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities. (cited in Warner, 2005).[3] Remote Repercussions of Terrorist Attacks When a horrific event occurs, it is natural to feel disturbed, even if the act occurred thousands of miles away. The human reaction is to put oneself in the situation because as normal human beings, people have the capacity to empathize. And consequently these people may develop similar psychological symptoms. Witnessing an act of psychological terror can also disrupt our belief system, says Charles Figley, PhD, director of the Florida State University Traumatology Institute. (cited in Warner, 2005).[4] We walk around, psychologically, in a bubble, and that bubble represents our belief system and values. Most often we assume incorrectly that other people have the same values and social niceties as we do. When that is violated or challenged, the first response is usually an effort to protect our beliefs and, in other words, to deny that it actually happened. When A s soon as confronted with proof of terror, such as pictures of atrocities, Figley says there are a few different waysdifferent ways in which people typically react: They perceive perpetrators to be inhumane. Become fearful as they perceive they are living in a callous and unsafe world because the graph bar of inhumanityhumanity has been lowered even further. Believe that its only a fleeting incident which could be easily explained away or deconstructed by precise things that have taken place, such as if we hadnt done this, then that would not have happened. Its uncomfortable believing that the world is less safe, so we have to imagine or construct a scenario that will allow us to feel more safe again and resist change, says Figley. There is an interesting and strange symbiotic relationship between terrorism and the media. Bruce Hoffman, the director of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, in his book Inside Terrorism has written a clear summary of some of the major historical trends in international terrorism. He makes careful distinctions between the motivations that drive political (or ethno-nationalist) terrorism and religious terrorism, and he explains also shows why the rise of religious terrorism, coupled with the increased availability of weapons of mass destruction, may foretellpredict an eraepoch of even greater violence. In the past, Hoffman argues, the main goal of the terrorist was not to kill and destroy, but to attract media attention to his cause in the hope of initiating reform. For the religious terrorist, however, violence is first and foremost a sacred act or divine duty executed in direct response to some theological demand or imperative religious terrorists see themselves not as components of a system worth preserving but as outsiders, seeking fundamental changes in the existing order. (Hoffman, 2006).[5] In this context Hoffman does not choose sides, he refers to in this framework, pointing to the bombings of the World Trade Center ,and Oklahoma City and the Tokyo,to the Sarin nerve gas attacks, in Tokyo in order to demonstrate that radicalsfundamentalists of any religious denomination are capable of extreme acts of terrorism. Terrorism is an aggressive-hostile action which is mainly intended to harm and terrify civilians, in order to promote a particular aim, or with an the idea, which may be social political or other. The terrorist attacks, are now gaining major importance than wars in the news headlines worldwide Terrorism and its Effects on Mental Health Whether its a massive attack or a single dreadfulhorrific act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restrictedlimited to the physical damage inflicted. Infact the primary objectivestead, the goal of these attacks is to inculcate a sense of fear whichthat is much greater than the actual threat itself. Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are revealedpublicized and interpreted. Typical reactions to major trauma on the individuals and communities are well-documented but the literature on the individual reactions to terrorist incidents is scarce. Most of the reactions at the initial phase following trauma are normal reactions and only few individuals display florid psychopathology. (Alexander and Klein, 2006).[6] Normal individual reactions to a terrorist attack are: Emotional Reactions : shock, numbness, denial , fear, anxiety , helplessness, hopelessness. Cognitive dysfunctions as disorientation, confusion ,intrusive thoughts, images, memories ,hypervigilance (i.e. increased sense of risk),impaired concentration and memory. Changes in social interaction, like withdrawal ,irritability ,loss of trust and faith , avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event). Physical reactions as autonomic hyperarousal , ,loss of energy. insomnia Autonomic hyper-arousal, insomnia, loss of energy. Emotional shock, numbness, denial, fear, anxiety helplessness, hopelessness. Cognitive disorientation, confusion, intrusive thoughts, images, memories.Hyper-vigilance, impaired concentration and memory. Social withdrawal, irritability, loss of trust and faith, avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event). These normal reactions comprise most of the core symptoms of PTSD, i.e. intrusive experiences, hyper-arousal and avoidant behaviour, as defined in the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10; WHO, 1992).[7] For a formal diagnosis of PTSD, such symptoms must be experienced for at least a few weeks. (The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-IV] also necessitatesrequires that such symptoms mustto be present for one month. (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).[8] In addition the impact on individuals, terrorism has mass psychogenic impacts. Mass psychogenic illness has been defined as: The rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms affecting members of a cohesive group, originating from a nervous system disturbance involving excitation, loss or alteration of function whereby physical complaints that are exhibited unconsciously have no corresponding organic aetiology. (Bartholomew Wessely, 2002). [9] As regards community reactions, they may present with distinct features. Tyhurst provides a three phase model of community response. (Tyhurst, 1951).[10] In Phase I, most individuals are liable to be stunned, numbed or even in denial. Denial was the commonly reported reaction among the office staff of Capital Hill, Washington DC following the anthrax scare in 2001. It took some time for the affectees to realize they might have been exposed to a toxic substance. North et al., 2005).[11] Widespread panic is not a typical reaction (though widely depicted in disaster films, etc.). Approximately 10 per cent of victims are likely to panic, and this reaction is most likely when victims believe they are trapped and feel helpless. Durodie Wessely, 2002).[12] In the 1987 Kings Cross underground fire most passengers did not panic; on the contrary, they sought out the usual methods of entry and exit. (Donald Canter, 1992).[13] Similar personal reactions were observedgiven after the London terrorist incidents of July 2005. Hence the civil contingency planning clearly should not be based on ill-informed assumptions about human behaviour. Even in extreme situations human behaviour can be rational, altruistic, and even heroic. In Phase II which is the Recoil Phase, individuals seek to make sense of what has happened. They seek reunion with their common sources of support, e.g. families, friends and colleagues. Even makeshift groups may develop as individuals seek understanding and mutual support. During this period, the community develops a sense of order and control, and the concerned relief authorities can do a lot much to facilitate this step towards recovery.. Phase III, the Recovery Phase is characterized by alternating episodes of adjustment and relapse and there may be some obvious examples of resilience and positive outcomes. Further comprehensive research studies must be A lot of research still needs to be done in order to understand how communities cope with chronic exposure to threat and adversity, but Jones and his colleagues have reassessed the social effects of air raids in Great Britain during the Second World War. They indicate a high level of civilian resilience developed during that period. (Jones et al., 2004).[14] Similarly, law enforcement authorities have commented on the apparently low level of violence-related psychopathology reported in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. Clinical data is still not enough to identify It is unclear, as to what are the protective factors in these circumstances. Extensive denial, social cohesiveness, a united front against a common enemy or some other as yet undetermined influences could be termed as protective factors. Mental Health Studies Mental health research studies are conducted worldwide to explore the effects of terrorism both on the individuals and the community. Whereas some emphasize the psycho-pathological effects of terror (Galea, Ahern, Resnick et al., 2002),[15] others focus on the human suffering, which is not identical to psychiatric morbidity (Wessely 2003),[16] and on community and cultural factors that enable people to endure the stressful event (Hobfoll, 2003).[17] This conflict between two distinct approaches (Wessely, 2003) ishas yet to be bridged. Any horrific event can affect people directly or indirectly even if they are not the targets. Hence the target of the interventions is not the individual victim only, but all the people more indirectly affected by the incidence. An impartial approach may be suitable. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines for action during emergencies which seem to support such a stand (WHO, 2003).[18] Experiencing or witnessing a violent attack does not necessarily mean that the individual will inevitably develop psychiatric morbidity (Curran, and Miller, 2001).[19] After the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City, it was observed that: In the aftermath of terrorist attacks, many Americans regarded their distress as a normal reaction rather than a disorder needing [psychiatric] care. (Drus and Marcus, 2004).[20] Presently available data suggest that it takes more than the agent (e.g., threat to life) to lead to psychopathology. Indeed, the role of the environment is of significance, as a part of the epidemiological triangle that has been discarded by a greater focus on host-related factors (e.g., gender or age of the victim). ) A study on adults have recognized a group of factors, including religious beliefs, ideological commitment and social capital, that have protected communities which were highly exposed to terrorist attacks (like the loss of dear ones, physical injuries and property damage etc). Ideology and religion may be used as a healing power, but also as a weapon. This is especially true in the [Middle East] region. (Solomon, and Laufer (2005);[21] Shalev et al.; Shalev,[22] Tuval-Mashiach Hadar, 2004; Kaplan et al.; Kaplan,[23] Matar, Kamin, et al., 2005; Billig, Kohn, and Levav, 2004).[24] All the research data today gives hope that, by advancing research on the mental health effects of war-related activities will be conducive to the development of new techniques to counter the psycho-social aftermath of wars and other such traumatic events., Ppsychiatrists worldwide are joining the call by WHO member states to devise means to restore the psycho-pathological damage sustained by victimized populations. The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) has been active in the recent Gaza Massacre,by giving an official statement. (See Mario Maj. statement in Chapter 1V -Wars in the Muslim World1).[25] Nonetheless On the other hand, psychiatrists could play other roles even at the risk of raising idealistic initiatives which cynics might like to dismiss. There are several possibilities open for psychiatrists who, by the nature of their profession can, besides promoting health, support peace rather than war. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals from countries in conflict could engage in alliance in a number of activities (e.g., teaching, exchange of experiences in program development and services, communication), while they are actively, tenaciously and continuously supported by WPA. Most importantly, psychiatrists must endeavour to make their societies even more ardently aware that in armed confrontations no one is a winner but that everyone is a victim. The model of collaboration in the Balkans, where mental health is a bridge to reconciliation within the framework of the Stability Pact, is a concrete example of what could be achieved when a unifying language is spoken, and when such an effort is reinforced by dedicated support from sources that are not part of the conflict. Terrorism is a paradox—a topicalcontemporary, high-profile subject with clear relevance to the real-world today relevance, yetNevertheless with limited authentic and desperate shortage of research data available es in the area. Therefield there is an urgent need to encourage the younger researchers to take a keen n interest in continuing maintaining research activities .y in the area. Psycho-Social Effects of Terrorism on the Muslim World While nothing is easier than to denounce the evildoer, nothing is more difficult than to understand him. (Mikhailovich Dostovsky) The Muslim World has endured a succession of terrorist attacks in the last decade and faced the war against terrorism with endurance and resilience. The countries most affected were Iraq, Gaza, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and particularly the FATA region in Pakistan which has been labelled as the centre of terrorist training. Pakistan also became the first line of defense in this War on Terror. The most distressing aspect of this war is the amount of destruction, damage and killing of innocent civilians of these regions. Ironically the damage done following the declaration of this war is to a large extent much greater than the loss which resulted due to the actual terrorist incident of 9/11 in New York. The Muslims worldwide have confronted the worst degree of terrorism from the powers who claim to bring peace and justice in the world. It is logical and justifiable to control and battle against those who are involved in such degrading and inhumane acts of terrorism, however, some contemplation is necessary to remodel unreasonable and illogical methods or strategies chosen to fight this terrorism. The international media has been a major partner in this war against terrorism and played a key role in portraying religious extremism in Islam as the major cause of present-day terrorism. But this is untrue since Islam is primarily a religion of peace, love and harmony. Unfortunately, clerics who have limited knowledge of the teachings and values of the Islam have misguided some people for their vested interests. The misinterpretation of the teachings of Islam by irresponsible clerics has led to fanaticism. Islam is the most practical religion of the world. As narrated by Dr Muzammil H. Siddiqi:[26] The concept of human rights in Islam is based on two important principles: dignity of human beings and justice. Islam emphasizes that all human beings are honoured by Allah subhanahu wa taala. Allah wants all human beings to live in peace and harmony and for this reason He wants us to establish justice in this world. Without justice there is no dignity and without dignity and justice there cannot be any peace. There are several passages in the Holy Quran verifying the above narration: If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what God (Allah) hath revealed, they are (no better than) unbelievers. (Holy Quran 5:44). o ye who believe! Stand out firmly for God (Allah), as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear God (Allah). For God (Allah) is well-acquainted with all that ye do. (Holy Quran 5:8). Human blood is sacred in any case and cannot be spilled without justification. Violating this rule is equivalent to killing all of humanity: if anyone slew a person — unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land — it would be as if he slew the whole people. (Quran 5:32). Hence the Holy Quran advocates that death of a single human being is a death of humanity. At present it is vital to understand that words terrorism and war against terrorism apparently seems to be propaganda against Islam and Muslims. Such perceptions against Islam and the Muslims have taken a toll on the social, psychological and emotional well-being of Muslims in different parts of the world. (Zafar, 2007).[27] Psycho-Social Impacts of Gaza Conflict: On 31 January 2008, the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme (GCMHP) organized a Conference on Effects of Siege on Life and Mental Health of Palestinians in Gaza Strip. Taysir Diab, Clinical Psychiatrist and Supervisor at GCMHP, talked about the mental impacts of the siege based on GCMHPs experience. He stated that there It is not one, but were a group of bio-psycho social factors that which caused mental illness. Diab of these factors under the siege on Gaza; and that the and its psychological, physical and social impacts of these factors were clinically identifiable. The siege, he said, had a direct effect on the appearance of new psychiatricmental cases and the relapse of old ones. There are personal differences on the physical and psychological levels; there are protective factors such as religion, patriotism, norms and values, as well as social support. All these factors along with others contributed in the protection of individuals. and the development of new mental illnesses in the Palestinian people. According to Diab, a vast majority of the Palestinian populations were suffering from symptoms of psychiatricmental disorders. He pointed out that the clients of GCMHPs Community Centers suffered from various psychological problems, including panic, insecurity feelings of insecurity, easily provoked aggressiveness, anger, easily provoked, psychosomatic disorders, depression, frustration, low morale, fear, poor concentration, lack of belonging or affiliation, lack of confidence in self and others, emotional numbness,numbness, and PTSD symptoms., various physical complaint, Oobsessiveon-Ccompulsive Disorders were common, and there was a definite rise in illness relapses.rise in illness relapses. Diab further mentioned that the siege affected the vulnerable groups, in particular children who suffer increasingly from fear, panic, and at times apathylack the feeling of risks, tendency of sadness and insecurity feelings of insecurity., as well as Bbed-wetting and stutteringstuttering, was also a common presentation. He also pointed that the siege affected the mental health professionals in term of increasing their mental stresspressures and state of frustration, avoidance, nervousness, and professional burn-out. Furthermore, Ahmad Abu Tawahina, Senior Clinical Psychologist and Director General of GCMHP, statedmentioned that the major aimplan behind the siege imposed by Israel wasis to implantinstil panic and fear among the Palestinians citizens. He said: We, as Palestinians, must never live a frustrating and despairing life and have to get rid of the negative impacts of siege since life goes on, and the professionals must exert all efforts in order to help people cope with the difficult situations. Twahina also stated that it was vital that Palestinians should not drown in terror and fear since most of the above mentioned symptoms are natural reactions to a madcrazy reality. He also addressed the concept of victimof victim psychology and commented on the importance of offering the mental services for people who suffer from frequent depressions, and increasing concerns. According to him the mental suffering affects everybody but at different levels, and that theere is depression, anxiety, tension, and despair is prevalent at the entirewhole community levels. In his work paper, . Samir Zaqout, a psychologist at GCMHP, discussedtalked about the social changes resulting from the siege. He statedadded that: the siege started in 1948 when Israeli Occupation practiced siege policy in an attempt to deny the Palestinians their identity: The siege is doubled as it is imposed by Israel and the international community since they didnt allow the Palestinians to practice their rights in a democratic way. Further, Zaqout pointed that the siege affected the Palestinian social fabric and domestic relations as hatred and tendency of revenge increased among the Palestinians. It also affected the moral values and accepting the other as well as increasing inter and intra familial disputes and conflicts. Summing up the proceedings of the Conference Eyad el Sarraj pointed to the significance of highlighting such statistics and showing the direct impacts of the siege on the citizens. He stressed on the importance of the accuracy and avoiding exaggeration in stating any statistics. Sarraj focused on the victim psychology. He said: Since we, as Palestinians, shouldnt adopt the role of victim, and exaggerate in blaming others and defaming ourselves. Our priority should be national reconciliation and unity and supporting the Palestinian resiliency so as to achieve our legitimate rights, endorsed by international conventions. Concluding the conference the mental health experts reiterated that it was crucial that the siege must end and professionals must undertake their roles in the field of education and mental health. This would be the first step in to bring some semblance of normality to the lives of the Gaza Community. This step was vital, in order to enable them to cope with negative consequences of the siege and minimize the resultant burdens. Moreover, it was agreed to work on the promotion of mental resilience programs for ending the siege and developing coping strategies to counter the negative mental health consequences. It was agreed that the Palestinian people are steadfast and live with dignity, and should not bend or despair and take matters positively and effectively in order to resist all schemes aiming at weakening Palestinian social fabric, and to achieve the Palestinian rights in freedom, independence and establishing the Palestinian state. Further, the attendants emphasized the importance of working, as specialists in various fields, on influencing the decision makers in the Palestinian society and acquaint them with the destructive impacts of the siege at all levels, especially the mental health of the future Palestinian generations. The physical and mental health needs of sufferers of Gaza are extremely challenging to address, particularly the psychological and emotional crises. During the last Israeli military strike in the period from December 2008 to January 2009, approximately 1380 Palestinians were killed, of whom 431 were children and 112 women. (United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2009). At least 5380 people were injured, including 1872 children and 800 women. In these improvised settings within health facilities such as maternity wards and operating theatres were transformed into trauma units. The consequences must be drastic in terms of maternal and child morbidity and mortality because 3500 deliveries were expected to have taken place during the twenty-three days of military operations. Findings from a recent UNFPA assessment indicate that, during that period there was an increased number of miscarriages in pregnant women (Shifa, Al Aqsa, Naser, Rafah), and an increased neonatal mortality in Shifa Hospital in Gaza City. (UNFPA, (2009). According to World Health Organization (WHO), only the rough estimates show that during the last Gaza crisis 25000 to 50000 people underwent severe mental stress and need some form of psychological intervention to address long-term effects. Women, separated children, elderly people, and people with prior physical or mental disabilities are at high risk of severe emotional distress than others. The restoration of normal socioeconomic conditions, secure living