History of Summerian essays

History of Summerian essays Ancient times have it that a group of people of heritage called the Sumerians has documented information about a planet thats beyond Pluto in our solar system in a different orbit. They have it documented as the 12th planet because they counted Earths moon as a planet and also counts the sun. They counted every object in the solar system, but at the time, they probably did not know the other planets in our solar system have their own moons also. They also probably never seen asteroids or meteors, Im guessing, since they count all the objects in the solar system. These groups of people, the Sumerians, have all this information documented about Planet X and also have their own theories and beliefs. They believe that this planet is where the nonliving goes. They also believe it to be the stairway to heaven. Who knows whats fact and whats fiction? Only time will tell. Recent studies show that scientist all over the world are trying to conclude everything they can about their studies on the old artifacts and information they have. Since present times have all the use of technology, recent advances in DNA research have been established. It established that there was an Eve who lived about 250 to 270 thousand years ago, a first mother from who all modern humans stem, no matter what their racial heritage are. In 1987, scientists from the Universities of California and Michigan announced that all human beings descended from a single mitochondrial, Eve, who lived in Africa. Then came news a few years later that there also was an actual Adam. Finally, genetic advances made test-tube babies possible by mixing the male sperm with the female egg and reimplanting it. The knowledge that we have acknowledged corroborates what the Sumerians knew six thousand years ago. You wonder how is it possible, how could they know? How could their symbol of the entwined serpents, that we still use today to denote medi...

Introduction to Psychology Essays

Introduction to Psychology Essays Introduction to Psychology Essay Introduction to Psychology Essay Introduction to Psychology Introduction to the Unit Unit overview This unit focuses on understanding psychological theory and its application to life. It provides you with an understanding of: psychology as a social science the biological basis of behaviour psychological development through the lifespan sensation and perception states of consciousness memory, learning and conditioning theories cognition, language, creativity and intelligence motivation and emotion personality psychological disorders and their treatment health, stress and coping Unit objectives By the conclusion of this unit, you should be able to: demonstrate and describe the role of psychology in various areas of life demonstrate an understanding of psychology as a social science use basic terminology and concepts of psychological theory apply psychological theories to your own life Textbook The textbook for this unit is by Weiten, W. , Dunn, D. S. , Hammer, E. Y. (2012). Psychology applied to modern life: Adjustment in the 21st century (10th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. This manual directs you to the relevant chapters of your textbook associated with each section. Unit Overview Introduction to Psychology Studying for this unit The content of this unit has been designed to maximise the learning and the integration of the subject matter. Some of the unit material may be specific to the Australian context. Students are encouraged to access additional information relevant to their local area that will assist in applying the learning. This may include specific legislation, professional associations and locally published journals. It is important that your learning is broadbased. Accessing local resources that build on what is contained in this unit will greatly assist your learning. In studying this unit, you will need a notebook for completing the activities and selfassessment for each section. Within your notebook, you may like to set aside space for: completing a glossary of new terminology introduced in this unit personal notes on unit content and readings In general, students are expected to: read each section of the unit carefully and make notes on anything which is new, vague, tentative or in conflict with your knowledge or experience complete each activity fully and honestly before moving on complete readings of the textbook, making notes of important insights or facts There may be periodic suggestions or issues on which you are asked to deliberate and reflect. Sometimes these are dilemmas or difficult issues associated with the study topic. These have no obvious right or wrong answers. Activities Appropriate activities are set throughout the unit to give opportunities for further learning. They are designed to help you think through and practise the specific skills and general concepts presented in this unit. They do not need to be sent to the unit educator for marking. However, valuable learning opportunities may be missed by not completing the activities. Readings The manual directs you to readings that are found in the ‘Readings Pack’. These readings are selected from journals and books that provide additional information or a different perspective on topics covered in each section. They are from a range of authorities and expand the content of this unit. Unit Overview 2 Introduction to Psychology Self-assessment There are self-assessment questions at the end of each section to test your understanding of the section’s content. Try to recall the answers to these questions unaided. Write down what you remember, before going back to review the relevant material in the section. Some of the questions will require more than simple recall. Some will require bringing together separate issues or different pieces of information. Real learning is not just remembering what was read. It involves making this knowledge your own by: reflecting on it questioning it relating it to personal experiences restating it in your own words Assignments The assignments for this unit are carefully set so they develop from and support the key concepts and skills of the unit. Reference list The reference list for this unit is located at the end pages of the manual. Unit Overview 3 Introduction to Psychology Contents Section 1: Introduction to Psychology and the Biological Bases of Behaviour Section 2: The Science of Psychology: Tools and Research Methods Section 3: Psychological Development through the Lifespan Section 4: Personality: Theory, Research and Assessment Section 5: Sensation and Perception Section 6: Health, Stress and Coping Section 7: States of Consciousness Section 8: Memory, Learning and Conditioning Section 9: Motivation and Emotion Section 10: Cognition, Language, Creativity and Intelligence Section 11: Psychological Disorders and Social Issues Section 12: Treatment of Psychological Disorders Unit Overview 4 Introduction to Psychology Assignment requirements Ensure you keep a copy of all material submitted. This includes audio–visual recordings. Assignment Type % Word Count Week Due Academic Essay 50 2000 8 Academic Essay 50 2000 11 Unit Overview 5 Introduction to Psychology Assignment 1 Assignment Type Weighting Word Count Week Due Academic Essay 50 2000 8 Choose one of the following topics and write an essay discussing the topic in light of theory you have learned about in this unit: 1. Stress is an epidemic in the 21st century and impacts on people’s behaviour in many ways. Discuss in light of the literature. 2. Compare and contrast two theories of personality. Ensure you include a definition of personality in your essay. 3. Research suggests that first impressions are created within the first few minutes of meeting someone. Discuss the factors that impact on our perception of others and some of the elements that affect the accuracy of first impressions. Your essay should include: A clear articulation of your chosen topic A discussion of the topic as outlined in the essay descriptions above An analysis of the topic in light of current literature Unit Overview 6 Introduction to Psychology Outstanding Very good Good Satisfactory Not Satisfactory Marking Criteria – Academic Essay Content 1. Topic clearly articulated 2. Topic discussed as per essay description provided 3. Topic analysed in light of current literature 4. Evidence of familiarity with relevant literature and theory Structure 5. Appropriate introduction provided that clearly articulates the topic 6. Main ideas clearly and logically presented 7. Appropriate conclusion provided that summarises the key findings/ideas 8. Relevant literature used properly Subtotal: Yes / 85 No Partial Written Expression 9. Third person writing style used 10. Fluent writing style used with correct spelling, grammar and punctuation Presentation 11. Presentation guidelines followed as specified in the Academic Skills Guide 12. Word count within 10% of requirement Referencing 13. In-text referencing guidelines followed as specified in the Academic Skills Guide, and if not covered in the ASG then by the APA convention (6th edition) 14. List of references provided as outlined in the Academic Skills Guide, and if not covered by the ASG then by the APA convention (6th edition) Subtotal: / 15 Total Mark: /100 Weighted Scale: / 50 Grade: Unit Overview 7 Introduction to Psychology Comments: Unit Overview 8 Introduction to Psychology Assignment 2 Assignment Type Weighting Word Count Week Due Academic Essay 50 2000 11 Choose one of the areas listed below. Identify and critically evaluate the role of internal and external factors in relation to this area. 1. Sensation/Perception – e. g. physical vs. psychological 2. Motivation – e. g. intrinsic vs. extrinsic 3. Intelligence – e. g. nature vs. nurture 4. Learning – e. g. the role of external vs. internal rewards Your essay should include: A clear articulation of your chosen topic A discussion of the topic as outlined in the essay descriptions above An analysis of the topic in light of current literature Unit Overview 9 Introduction to Psychology Outstanding Very good Good Satisfactory Not Satisfactory Marking Criteria – Academic Essay Content 1. Topic clearly articulated 2. Topic discussed as per essay description provided 3. Topic analysed in light of current literature 4. Evidence of familiarity with relevant literature and theory Structure 5. Appropriate introduction provided that clearly articulates the topic 6. Main ideas clearly and logically presented 7. Appropriate conclusion provided that summarises the key findings/ideas 8. Relevant literature used properly Subtotal: Yes / 85 No Partial Written Expression 9. Third person writing style used 10. Fluent writing style used with correct spelling, grammar and punctuation Presentation 11. Presentation guidelines followed as specified in the Academic Skills Guide 12. Word count within 10% of requirement Referencing 13. In-text referencing guidelines followed as specified in the Academic Skills Guide, and if not covered in the ASG then by the APA convention (6th edition) 14. List of references provided as outlined in the Academic Skills Guide, and if not covered by the ASG then by the APA convention (6th edition) Subtotal: / 15 Total Mark: /100 Weighted Scale: / 50 Grade: Unit Overview 10 Introduction to Psychology Comments: Unit Overview 1 Introduction to Psychology Assignment support and information Important and valuable information about completing your assignments can be found in the following places: Academic skills guide – found in the ‘Student Resources’ section of my. acap Study skills guide – found in the ‘Student Resources’ secti on of my. acap the ‘Learning Support’ section of the ‘Current Students’ part of the ACAP website All assignments are to be submitted online through my. acap. You can find more information on the assignment process on the ‘Assessment Information’ section of the ‘Current Students’ part of the ACAP website. Unit Overview 12

Answer Each of the 5-Questions Which Will Be Uploaded Essay

Answer Each of the 5-Questions Which Will Be Uploaded - Essay Example In addition, the important American value of personal space and freedom of movement are likewise reflected and embodied in the sports car, as the defining cultural values for their consumption by Americans (Ikerd). For watches the factors of nonverbal communication that are key from a marketing perspective relate to the communication of wearer personality, values, hobbies, and earning capacity and wealth. There is substantial segment of the market for instance that caters to the luxury watch as an important non-verbal signal of wealth and prestige, and personality and values are related to the way watches that are marketed for more pragmatic and more efficiency-focused individuals reflect those aspects in non-verbal ways, through an emphasis on functionality, on attributes such as durability and technical capabilities. A market segment meanwhile buys watches based on attributes such as personal style and fun, and those are also ideally reflected in the kinds of fun watches that they buy. Those non-verbal communication cues are therefore relevant to this segment of the market (Klara). For laundry detergents on the other hand, the nonverbal factors of communication that are most relevant relate to cleaning power, efficiency, care of clothes and hands, and brand power to a certain extent, as well as price. These factors are embodied either explicitly or implicitly in discussions about strategies for the Tide brand for instance (Ng and Ziobro). One is the admiration of nature, where the current and emerging markers tend towards that over the contrary value of the conquest of nature, which is marked as the traditional American value. The book got this wrong because one can argue from the lack of more vigorous concern for climate change implies that more people still prefer overcoming nature to admiring it and fixing its long-term problems. Two is performance versus

Diabetes and Evidence-based Nursing Research Paper

Diabetes and Evidence-based Nursing - Research Paper Example The day following his admission, his blood sugar level was more than 999. As a patient advocate, I was concerned for the patient’s treatment and I approached the patient and his wife about seeking a second opinion from an Endocrinologist. I recommended this with the hope of ensuring that they would gain the best possible care for the patient’s condition. The couple agreed and several weeks later returned to thank me for making the recommendation. The patient was diagnosed by the Endocrinologist with Flatbush Diabetes which is a rare form of diabetes presenting among African-American males. It calls for insulin administration for a short period of time and later to be shifted to oral diabetic medications. When untreated, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. The nursing situation in this case is based on the appropriate care of the diabetic patient, on the assistance given in the administration of the patient medications, and on the monitoring of the patient’s vit al signs, diet, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. Since the patient’s blood sugar levels were not sufficiently being lowered by the oral medications, the nursing role extends to patient advocacy – helping protect the rights of patients and ensuring that they receive the best possible care. ... B. Description of Medical/health Condition Insulin is the hormone which regulates the uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells of the body (Medical News 2011). Deficient insulin or issues with its receptors therefore play a crucial role in the manifestation and development of diabetes mellitus. Most carbohydrates in food are broken down into monosaccharide glucose, which is the main carbohydrate which is found in the blood and used as fuel by the body (Medical News, 2011). When blood glucose levels in the body are high, insulin is released in the blood by the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Insulin is then utilized by the body’s cells in order to absorb glucose from the blood and use as fuel, and later for conversion to other molecules, and for storage (Medical News, 2011). Insulin also serves as the control signal for the conversion of glucose to glycogen for internal storage in the liver and the muscle cells. Decreased glucose level leads to re duced release of insulin. This then leads to the reverse conversion of glycogen to glucose. Glucose is mostly managed by the glucagon which then acts in opposition to insulin. Glucose recovered by the liver is re-introduced into the bloodstream; the muscle cells do not have the necessary capacity for export (Medical News, 2011). Significant insulin levels highlight the anabolic processes, including cell growth and duplication, protein synthesis, and fat storage. Insulin serves as the main signal in the conversion of bidirectional processes of metabolism from the catabolic to the anabolic direction, and vice versa (Medical News, 2011). In effect, low insulin levels trigger the onset of

Unit 49 - Dementia Essay Example for Free

Unit 49 Dementia Essay I have been working for a while in the Nursing Home and I have met patients with different situations. We have been dealing with more Nursing residents but getting to know with Dementia patients is very interesting. I have met Mrs. E which had been discharged from the hospital. She couldn’t communicate properly on what she wants, even her family are having a problem to recognize the things she liked and wants. It was a challenge for us to help her in her daily personal hygiene and especially eating and drinking. When she arrived we tried to comfort her and made comfortable. Her family was very supportive in her care but it’s very hard to predict what she really wants. We checked her weight, as the process of checking if what they need for their nutrition. Mrs. E had been spitting out food at meal times so we have tried to give her sweet drinks to divert her attention with the food. During the past days we have been trying to identify on how to communicate with her through different ways until we tried to hold her hands while eating to keep her calm. Because of the Dementia Mrs. E had, she had lost weight for the past days because she didn’t have good nutrition and until when she’s a bit settled in her new home, she has been eating well. With the assessment of the Nurse, her diet was then changed to soft. She is able to swallow her food straight away without chewing more that makes her more agitated. Her diet was changed because she don’t like to use her dentures, she don’t want anything that bothers her in her mouth. Mrs. E was admitted to the hospital because of poor nutrition caused by her Dementia. She wasn’t eating and drinking very well until she was settled in the home where she had been attended to by the carers regularly. We gave her different kinds of food, until we gave her the food that she likes to swallow. So now we knew that she likes soft foods like mousse, ice cream and anything sweet. It was emotionally very good to Mrs. E because it will make her calmer and settled if we have achieved to give her what she wanted. When she first came to the Home, Mrs. E is very unsettled. With her shouting and crying, other residents had been affected with her in the dining room. I wasn’t a very good atmosphere for Mrs E and the other residents and affected them so much in their meals. Some of them just go out without eating because of her in the dining room shouting. Since then we tried to make changes with the meal times and until we make her settled. We have to give her more attention, because when you just leave her and try to serve others she will then started to make cries and shouts because she can hear the noise in the dining room in which she don’t know what to do and made her agitated. So we have to give her more time to have her meal, along with those who need assistance with their food. Person-centred care played a very important role in Mrs E’s stay in the Home. We have been trying many ways on how we could communicate with her on what she wants to do, especially with her food. It helped the carers to recognize the wants of Mrs E with her food and gave the kitchen staff the list she is having and the kind of drinks she is taking. She wanted to have a quiet environment during meal times to make her calmer. With the families helped in the history of Mrs E, it was a great helped in assessing the right kind of care to be given to her. The way she deals with her personal hygiene, to the likes of her dress and the kind of food she wants. Through the care plan the carers have the basis of the thing they need to assist Mrs E in her care. It helped us in the care we give her and the food she’s having. I have met Mr L, who has been admitted at the Home and his daughter gave us his life’s history prior to his stroke. He wasn’t been eating and drinking he was not very well. That’s why his family decided to have him in the home to be taken care by the carers. We have been helping Him in the morning with his personal care as due to the stroke Mr L couldn’t move his left side very well. He could still immobilised himself through standing but with a help by us. He was very kind man but the problem is he is not eating very well. As we have seen in His care plan that we need to encourage him to eat and drink. Through the helped of His daughter we learned that because of his dementia he always forget the time of the day when he is still leaving on his own until He was not feeling well because He had no proper nutrition that He needs. Dealing his personal centred care we ask Him what time he usually eats breakfast, lunch and dinner and what kind of drinks He wants. He told us that He prefers to eat his meals in His room, because He was a writer before, he is just fund of reading books and papers. After a while in His stay at the Home he gets better, by giving Him the food at the right time and by helping Him with eating and drinking. As the result of this learning it has been very challenging in dealing this kind sickness. I know that we are not having full dementia unit but I am looking forward to learn more and to apply the things that I have learned in the different areas of Dementia.

Morrie Schwartz Essay -- essays research papers

Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom is a true story of an old man and his way of dealing with the knowledge that he is slowly dying, and a disease is taking over his body. Morrie Schwartz was Mitch Alboms college professor more than twenty years ago. We are first introduced to Morrie while Mitch is flipping through the television channels and suddenly hears Morrie’s name. Mitch had not heard from his from professor for years and had not tried to get in touch with the professor, so the news he heard next from the screen was a shock. Morrie Schwartz, his college professor had been diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Scierosis or (ALS) an incurable and fatal disease that takes over your nervous system. It is also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease after a famous baseball player who fell victim to it. There is no cure for ALS at this time and treatment is focused on management of the symptoms, involving a combination of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech, respiratory, and nutritional therapies. Moderate exercise may help maintain muscle strength and function. Drugs can also treat excessive saliva and drooling, and speech therapy can help compensate for loss of muscular control of the mouth. As the disease progresses and muscular degeneration spreads throughout the body, various devices may provide support, such as ankle braces, neck collars, reclining chairs, wheelchairs, and hospital beds. Respiratory support and feeding tubes are required when the person loses cont...

Apple Computer Case Analysis Essay

I. Executive Summary Apple was formed by two college dropout students: Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs with the motto of â€Å"Think Differently†. Wozniak, the true technical mind behind the building process of Apple’s early computers, spent the summer of 1976 building the company’s very first computer, the Apple I.2 Meanwhile, Jobs began creating advertisements and found a buyer for the computer. The two Steves were able to build and sell fifty Apple I computers—all from within the confined space of the Jobs family’s single-car garage. This would mark the first of many successful products to come from the company. Later that time, Wozniak and Jobs began building the Apple II with the help of a few technically-savvy friends and classmates. It was at this time that Jobs first realized his true passion for the burgeoning computer industry. To fuel this passion, Jobs consulted with retired Intel Corporation marketing manager Michael Markkula regarding the possible future of Apple Computer. During this consultation, Markkula worked with Jobs in coming up with a solid business plan and even purchased one-third of the company for $250,000. After the success of the Apple I and Apple II, the company began work on the Apple III, which turned out to be their very first project failure. The Apple III proved to be an early sign of disagreements-to-come between the president Michael Scott and Steve Jobs. In fact, Scott laid-off 40 employees after the Apple III’s failure—without any consultation or approval from the Board of Directors. Because of his abrupt actions, Scott was demoted to vice chairman, while Jobs was promoted to chairman. Markkula, who had originally hired Scott, took over as Apple’s new CEO. Scott officially resigned from Apple in March of 1981. In the early 1980s, Steve Wozniak left the company and Steve Jobs hired John Sculley as the President of the company. After facing many failures, Apple launched its Macintosh computers for house hold users. With improvements in the GUI, the Macintosh became a â€Å"possibility box† for companies developing similar products.14 Enhancing some features from the Lisa, the Macintosh implemented a desktop, mouse, graphical file system, icons, bit-mapped graphics, menu bar navigation, applications running inside windows, and more. The Macintosh laid the foundation for the entire computer industry. The true look and feel of personal computers today can be attributed to the early design features of the Macintosh. The Macintosh, however, did not dominate the consumer market as the company had hoped. In mid 1980s, Steve Jobs had to leave the company because of his controversial relations with the president. At that time John Sculley rejected the offer of Microsoft‘s CEO, Bill Gates to license the Macintosh operating system to Microsoft. After this refusal, Gates developed DOS operating system and in late 1980s, thecompetition between DOS and Macintosh decreased Apple’s sale, workforce and resignation of John Sculley. So, Apple’s current CEO planned to purchase NextStep operating system of Jobs in order to improve the Macintosh operating system. In late90s Jobs again became the CEO of the company and be started surprising relations with Microsoft by developing a Macintosh version of office software. Apple also took cost saving measures like streamlining the product line, production of printers. Under Jobs, Apple again becomes the innovator of computer market. His leadership leads the company to USBand Firewire ports, introduction of iPod and iTunes website put Apple in the digital computing age. Apple manages its business on geographic locations. Apple’s sale is continuously growing. In the era of 2000, Apple made one bold move and that was to open retail stores in USA which somehow increased its sales. Its most impressive and fastest growing market is of iPod line of digital music players and iTunes music store website. The three major competitors of Apple are Dell, Hewlett-Packard and IBM, however Apple also competes with Microsoft in software industry. Dell is the largest computer manufacturer with extremely low cost production strategy. Dell has entered the in the line of music against Apple by its Jukebox. Hewlett Packard is a big brand name and leading provider of technology. Apple combined with IBM enjoyed profit jointly but now Lenovo took over IBM and become a competitor of Apple. Overall, Apple is continuously growing and its future seems bright. With the slight change in their strategies, they can become giants in technology industry. II. Statement of the Problem * How Apple can provide differentiated products with low cost in order to maximize its market share? III. Alternative Courses of Action A. Continue without any change B. Go for strategic alliance for producing specific products especially microprocessors C. Go for customized products D. Product Differentiation IV. Discussions of Alternatives A. Continue without any change If Apple continues without any change, then they can still produce innovative products, offer a high quality and exceptionally elegant designs and personalized services and also, they maintain their patrons and loyal customers by satisfying them with their products. They could also focus themselves more in their ipod and desktop sales while formulating for a better PC unit that will outsale their major competitors. But the downside of this is that if they will continue with this, they will still have a low market share, high operation and marketing costs, lacks the emphasis on the marketing scene of the company and also the gap between the giant companies will still be evident and might be extended. B. Go for strategic alliance for producing specific products especially microprocessors If Apple decides to go for strategic alliance –specifically with intel– for producing specific products especially microprocessors, then they will have a chance to reduce their costs since intel microprocessors are cheaper, faster and had lower power consumption. This would be perfect for producing computers especially portable ones because this is one important element that a computer must possess. There would also be a reduction in the product development process because they will work hand in hand with their ally. This means that half of the development and production will be worked by your partner company. Of course, sharing of resources will be put into practice and this would definitely decrease cost. The only problem in working hand in hand is that there’s a possibility of contradicting cultures of the company especially with their workplace relationship, their differentiated norms and the like. Privacy of developing innovative products will be slightly affected as well since they are supervising each other freely. But in contrast to all of that, Compatibility issues would also be resolved since the partner company can develop a program that is compatible with Mac and other existing OS. In result to this, this would totally increase the profit margin of Apple. C. Go for customized products If Apple will decide on the alternative to go for customized product then the targeted niche will be highly satisfied. Customers will of course go to what they prefer so this would increase their market share. They could also understand the changing environment easily since they are giving focus on customers’ preferences and there would be no new channels need to be introduced for sales. Some disadvantages of this are that cost will extensively increase. It would also be difficult to cater all requirements of the customers along with innovation. Chance of ambiguity will increase as well and this would be a negative effect to the brand name and because of this ambiguity, chances of failure may tend to increase. D. Product Differentiation Product differentiation is a viable strategy, especially if the company exploits the conceptual distinctions for product differentiation. There is economic value in that strategy. The primary economic value of the said strategy comes from reducing environmental threats. The cost of product differentiation acts as a barrier to entry, thus reducing the threat to new entrants. Not only does the company bear the cost of standard business, it also must bear the costs associated with overcoming the differentiation inherent in the incumbent. Since the companies pursue niche markets, there is a reduced threat of rivalry among industry competitors. A company’s more differentiated product will appear more attractive relative to the substitutes, thus reducing the threat of substitutes. V. Conclusion According to the current situation, the best strategy or alternative for apple is â€Å"Go for strategic alliance†. Its reason is that no doubt Apple is going fine now but for future growth it is must to create something new and stylish while keeping the cost optimized. This does not mean that Apple start making whole product with the collaboration, instead they have to go for alliance in making high cost products. This will help Apple in optimizing cost and development process with innovation. Somehow, a problem of conflict will occur but manageable. Nowadays, to sustain and compete in the market companies go for strategic alliances just to reduce the cost and gain high profit margins. So, Apple should go for this strategy VI. Recommendations The Apple brand, the company’s innovative capabilities, the quality of its marketing strategy, and continued success in building strategic partnerships are likely to determine the outcome of the company’s forays into the music, mobile phone, and video-on-demand businesses. Apple’s commitments and actions should be integrated and coordinated to exploit the company’s core competencies, strengthen its competitive advantage, and maximize value. The analysis reveals that, to secure strategic success, it will remain important for Apple Computer to be fanatically protective of the Apple brand image and adequately invest in the company’s competitive advantages in innovation and marketing. Some suggestions for achieving this include: * Carefully manage brand exposure. * Continually invest in research and development to stay ahead of and lead radical product and technology discoveries. * Enhancement of existing products in all areas (computer hardware and peripherals, consumer electronics products, mobile communication devices, systems software, applications software, networking and communications software and solutions, and Internet services and solutions) will maximize the value and the life of products. However, Apple needs to know when to engage in planned obsolescence to take advantage of the company’s market leader status. * Maintain and upgrade design appeal to reduce the prospect of new entrants. * The company needs to constantly assess if it is moving away from internal strengths or extending its reach too far beyond its known and manageable markets. * Vigilant management of costs – to maintain pricing flexibility and improve competitive position relative to low-priced competitors. * Leverage Apple’s 70% share in the music market to strengthen the performance of other applications. * Develop the top management team and a succession strategy to reduce over-dependence on one individual to advance the interests of the company. With Apple’s growth strategy, it is likely that Jobs will soon be stretched too thinly, if he is not already.

Communicatoin theory

Explain what is meant y narrowband FM and wideband FM using the expression? 3. Explain any two techniques of demodulation of FM. 4. Explain the working of reactance tube modulator and derive an expression to show how the variation of the amplitude of the input signal changes the frequency of the output signal of the modulator. 5. Draw the frequency spectrum of FM and explain. Explain how Varactor diode can be used for frequency modulation. 6. Discuss the indirect method of generating a wide-band FM signal. 7. Draw the circuit diagram of Foster-Seelay discriminator and explain its working.Define internal noise. 2. Define shot noise. 3. Define thermal noise. 4. Define narrow band noise. 5. Define noise fgure. 6. Define noise equivalent bandwidth. 7. Define a random variable. Specify the sample space and the random variable for a coin tossing experiment. 8. What is white noise? Give its characteristics. 9. When is a random process called deterministic? 10. Define flicker noise. 11 . Sta te the reasons for higher noise in mixers. 1 . Derive the effective noise temperature of a cascade amplifier and explain how various noises are generated in the method of representing them. Explain the following terms (i) Random variable (it) Random process (iii)Gaussian process 3. Explain how various noises are generated and the method of representing them. 4. Write notes on noise temperature and noise figure. 5. Derive the noise figure for cascade stages. 6. What is narrowband noise? Discuss the properties of the quadrature components of a narrowband noise? 7. Write short notes on thermal noise and short noise. 8. Explain in detail about white and filtered noise.Define image frequency. 3. Define Tracking 4. What is meant by FOM of a receiver? 5. What is threshold effect? 6. Draw the Phasor representation of FM noise. 8. Define SNR. 9. What is the SNR at the output of DSB system with coherent demodulation? 10. Define CSNR. 1 1 . What is sensitivity and selectivity of receiver? 1 . Explain the working of Super heterodyne receiver with its parameters. 2. Discuss the noise performance of AM system using envelope detection. 3. Compare the noise performance of AM and FM systems. 4. Calculate the noise power of a DSB-SC system using coherent detection. Discuss in detail the noise performance in SSB-SC receiver. 6. Explain the significance of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM system. 7. Derive the noise power spectral density of the FM demodulation and explain its performance with diagram. 8. a. Draw the block diagram of FM demodulator and explain the effect of noise in detail. b. Explain the FM threshold effect and capture effect in FM. UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY 1. What is prefix code? 2. Define information rate. 3. What is channel capacity of binary synchronous channel with error probability of 4.State channel coding theorem. . Define entropy for a discrete memory less source. 6. What is code redundancy? 7. Write down the formula for the mutual information. 8. Na me the source coding techniques. 9. What is Data compaction? 10. Write the expression for code efficiency in terms of entropy. PART-B (16 Marks) 1 . Explain the significance of the entropy H(XN) of a communication system where X is the transmitter and Y is the receiver. 2. An event has six possible outcomes with probabilities Find the entropy of the system. 3.Discuss Source coding theorem, give the advantage and disadvantage of channel oding in detail, and discuss the data compaction. 4. Explain the properties of entropy and with suitable example, explain the entropy of binary memory less source. 5. Five symbols of the alphabet of discrete memory less source and their probabilities are given below. the symbols using Huffman coding. 6. Write short notes on Differential entropy, derive the channel capacity theorem and discuss the implications of the information capacity theorem. 7. What do you mean by binary symmetric channel? Derive channel capacity formula for symmetric channel. . C onstruct binary optical code for the following probability symbols using Huffman procedure and calculate entropy of the source, average code Length, efficiency, redundancy and variance?

Platinum Essays - Chemical Elements, Transition Metals, Noble Metals

Platinum Essays - Chemical Elements, Transition Metals, Noble Metals Platinum subject = Chemistry title = Platinum Platinum is a relatively rare, chemically inert, metallic element. It symbol is Pt, atomic number is 78, and its atomic weight is 195.09. Platinum is one of the heaviest substances known. One cubic foot of Platinum weighs 21 times as much as a cubic foot of water. A grayish-white metal, Platinum has a melting point of 1772 degrees C and a realatively high boiling point of 3827 degrees C. It has a high fusing point, is ductile and malleable, expands slightly upon heating, and has high electrical resistance. Platinum is seldom used in its pure stage because it is too soft. The third most ductile metal, it can be drawn into a thread one twenty thousandth part of an inch in thickness. It is extremely resistant to attack by air, water, single acids and ordinary reagents, but does dissolve in hot aqua regia, a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. Platinum has the unusual property of being able to absorb large amounts of hydrogen at ordinary temperatures and resist it at high temperatures. The first mention of Platinum occurs in the writings of an Italian physician and poet named Julius Caesar Salinger in 1557. A hieroglypic character made froma grain of Platinum dated back to the 7th century. Credit for discovery of Platinum has been given to Don Antonio de Ulloa, a young lieutenant in the Spanish Navy. The metal was referred to as the "platina de Pinto", meaning the siver like metal from the Pinto River. The first thorough study of Platinum was conductd in1750 by the English physician William Brownrigg. Brownrigg noted that Platinum was heavier and even more chemically inert than Gold was. Platinum forms useful alloys with many other metals, including Iridium, Palladium, Rhodium, Ruthenium, Osmium, Gold, Nickel, Cobalt, and Tungsten. At high temperatures Platinum also reacts with Chlorine, Fluorine, Phosphorus, Arsenic and Sulfur. Among the transition metals, Platinum has the greatest tendencies to bond directly with Carbon. Platinum is used extensively in modern industrial society because of its chemical inertness, high melting point, and extraordinary catalytic properties. platinum is valuable for laboratory apparatus, such as tongs, combustion boats, crucibles and evaoporating dishes. It is also used for thermometers in furnaces, for electrodes in making quantitative chemical analyses, and for corrosion and heat-resistant instruments. Platinum is used extensively in the jewelry industry for setting diamonds and other precious stones. Rocket and jet engine parts often contain Platinum alloys because they must withstand high temperatures for long periods of time. At petroleum refineries, finely divided Platinum is used as a catalyst in upgrading the octane of gasoline. In automobiles, converters containing Platinum-Palladium alloys reduce air pollution from exhaust gases. High quality optical glass for television picture tubes and eyeglasses is melted in pots lined with nonreactive Platinum alloys. A form of Platinu m,cisplatin, stops cancer cell division and disrupts its growth pattern.

The Many Ways of Via

The Many Ways of Via The Many Ways of â€Å"Via† The Many Ways of â€Å"Via† By Mark Nichol Via, the Latin word for â€Å"way, is also the basis of many words, many of them disguised, that refer to movement or the way things move (or act). This post lists and defines terms derived from via. In English, via itself often replaces â€Å"by way of† in writing in reference to traveling, though it is seldom employed in conversation. Words in which via is the first element include viaduct, which describes a raised watercourse, and viaticum, which refers to an allowance or provisions for a journey, or the ritual offering of Communion given to someone on the verge of death (the plural is viaticums or viatica). A viatical settlement (the phrase is sometimes simplified to viatical) is an insurance agreement pertaining to a death benefit. Voyage, too, stems from via by way of French. Someone who voyages is a voyager; the French equivalent, voyageur, describes someone employed to transport goods for a fur-trapping company, especially in colonial Canada. Other words derived from via include deviate (literally, â€Å"turn out of the way†), which means â€Å"differ from the norm† or â€Å"leave the expected course.† As a noun, the word describes a sexual pervert, though deviant is more commonly employed for that meaning; deviant is also an adjective in this context, while devious describes someone who is cunning or deceitful (although it is used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for errant, roundabout, or remote). Deviation describes a departure or difference, and deviance pertains to perversion. Convey and convoy (â€Å"with way†) both refer to carrying away, but to convey is to bear, deliver, impart, or pass, while convoy means â€Å"accompany,† especially for protection, and as a noun refers to the act of accompanying for protection, or one or more people or things that provide such protection, usually in the context of a group of vehicles or vessels. An envoy (â€Å"way in†) is a messenger or a representative from one government to another; the word may refer to someone with a particular diplomatic rank. It may also pertain to concluding remarks to a poem, song, or other composition, though the French spelling envoi is usually employed in that sense. Invoice, meanwhile, is not related to voice; it stems from the otherwise obsolete â€Å"message† sense of envoi. Pervious (â€Å"way through†) means â€Å"accessible† or â€Å"permeable,† though its antonym, impervious, is much more common. Previous (â€Å"way before†), meanwhile, means â€Å"prior† or, rarely, â€Å"premature.† An instance of being previous is previousness, and the adverbial form is previously. To obviate (â€Å"get in the way of†) is to prevent or to make unnecessary (an act of doing so is obviation), while obvious means â€Å"easily seen or understood,† and the noun form is obviousness. Quadrivium (â€Å"four ways†) and trivium (â€Å"three ways†) refer to the division of the seven classical literal arts. (The former comprises arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, and music, and the latter consists of grammar, logic, and rhetoric.) Trivium also, in Latin, referred to a three-way crossing, where information might be posted- or passed on by travelers meeting at the intersection. From that idea, English acquired trivia, meaning â€Å"inconsequential information.† The adjective trivial pertains to such information but also has the broader senses of unimportant and ordinary; to portray something substantial as trivial is to trivialize it, and the noun form triviality denotes the quality or state of being trivial or something trivial. (Trifle, meaning something trivial and the name of a type of dessert, though it appears as if it could be related to trivial, is actually from an Anglo-French word, by way of Old English, meaning nonsense.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf Of50 Words with Alternative Spellings

The Basic Beliefs and Ideas of Aristotle Assignment

The Basic Beliefs and Ideas of Aristotle - Assignment Example This essay discusses Greek philosopher Aristotle, who was the most brilliant student of Plato. After completing his education, he made his own school known as Aristotle’s Lyceum in Athens that can provide quality education to all students. Aristotle’s major beliefs and ideas were based on different subjects including poetry, mathematics, logic, music, biology, zoology, government, ethics, politics, linguistics, theatre, metaphysics and rhetoric. This Greek philosopher was the most prominent figure in the western history. He has influenced the perception of the western civilization and world at the micro level. His notable ideas that famous all around the words includes Passion, Syllogism, Golden mean, Reason and Logic. He is the first founder of two principals’ logic and biology. In addition this, Aristotle produces the new perception about the diversity of human beings known as Aristotle’s Enhanced Hierarchy of Beings. This hierarchy makes a chain and sta rts from least to the greatest. It includes primary matter, four elements, inanimate objects, organic objects, animals, humans and God. Also, he gave different ideas for optics, chance and spontaneity, universals and particulars, classification of living things, the influence on Hellenistic drugs, empirical research program and much more. Aristotle beliefs and ideas remarkably changed the perception of western and world and played a huge role in the development of the world. His influential, philosophical and theological thinking still has a great impact on Christians.

Business organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business organization - Assignment Example The structure of organisation can be of four types namely, functional, horizontal, divisional and that of matrix. The functional structure is also recognised as ‘vertical dimension’. This kind of organisation is based on people who have the power to make decision in the organisation. The ‘span of control’ is the vital part in this type of organisation. The span of control can be recognised as the number of employees who have the power to give report to the boss inside the organisational hierarchy. This is based on the status and management system of the organisation (Fontaine, 2007). The status plays important role in this organisational structure. As there are many hierarchical levels it is quite difficult for lower level employee or manager to report to high level person with high status because each level has its own rules and regulations. The decision making process is quite slow as the communication has to pass through different levels of the organisation and approval is needed in every level. The interaction between high level managers and employees is less compared to flat organisational structure. Higher cost is required in tall structure because the decision making process is too slow. As the managers have limited workers under them, they can supervise or train them more effectively. In tall structure there is opportunity of improvement or promotion in career. For example, General Motors, an American automotive manufacturing company has tall organisation structure. It has almost 12–16 levels between the top to the bottom level. Thus, the managers in General Motors have ‘narrow span of control’ i.e. there is approximately 5–6 workers who can give statement to any individual manager. A large number of organizational levels can lead to job insecurity of workers and loss of professional skill (Fontaine, 2007). Flat organisational structure: In this organisational structure, there is less hierarchical level. Thus, the manager possess ‘wide span of control’. The manager builds good social relationship and establishes friendly environment which can confer power to the staffs. Source: (Fontaine, 2007). Flat organisational structure assists in higher level of interaction between staffs and managers. Thus, the process of communication is usually faster, reliable and much efficient compared to tall organisation structure. The leaders tend to be more democratic in nature and thus it leads to superior level of innovation. This type of organisational structure is more elastic and compliant compared to taller structure. The decision is not based on the status of the manager. It is based on need of the people. The employees possess more power to arrive at a decision instantly. Faster decision provides the organisation, high level of liveliness and mobility. The flat